A Critical Examination of the Nusayriyyah (Alawites of Syria and Lebanon), Bektashiyyah (Balkans), Iraqi Imamiyyah (Twelver Shia), and Turkish (Alevi) Sects: A Sunni Islamic Perspective

Posted onAuthorMohamad Mostafa Nassar

๐€ ๐‚๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐„๐ฑ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐ง๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐š๐ฒ๐ซ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก (๐€๐ฅ๐š๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐’๐ฒ๐ซ๐ข๐š ๐š๐ง๐ ๐‹๐ž๐›๐š๐ง๐จ๐ง), ๐๐ž๐ค๐ญ๐š๐ฌ๐ก๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก (๐๐š๐ฅ๐ค๐š๐ง๐ฌ), ๐ˆ๐ซ๐š๐ช๐ข ๐ˆ๐ฆ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก (๐“๐ฐ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ ๐’๐ก๐ข๐š), ๐š๐ง๐ ๐“๐ฎ๐ซ๐ค๐ข๐ฌ๐ก (๐€๐ฅ๐ž๐ฏ๐ข) ๐’๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ฌ: ๐€ ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž


Mohamad Mostafa Nassar
Twitter:@NassarMohamadMR

๐€๐›๐ฌ๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ญ:

๐“๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ฉ๐š๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ฏ๐ข๐๐ž๐ฌ ๐š๐ง ๐ข๐ง-๐๐ž๐ฉ๐ญ๐ก ๐š๐ง๐š๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐ ๐ซ๐จ๐ฎ๐ฉ๐ฌโ€”๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐š๐ฒ๐ซ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก (๐€๐ฅ๐š๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ), ๐๐ž๐ค๐ญ๐š๐ฌ๐ก๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก, ๐ˆ๐ซ๐š๐ช๐ข ๐ˆ๐ฆ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก (๐“๐ฐ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ ๐’๐ก๐ข๐š), ๐š๐ง๐ ๐“๐ฎ๐ซ๐ค๐ข๐ฌ๐ก ๐€๐ฅ๐ž๐ฏ๐ข๐ฌโ€”๐ญ๐ก๐ซ๐จ๐ฎ๐ ๐ก ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฅ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐๐จ๐ฑ๐ฒ, ๐š๐๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐ญ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ญ๐ž๐š๐œ๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐€๐ก๐ฅ ๐š๐ฌ-๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐š ๐ฐ๐š ๐ฅ-๐‰๐š๐ฆ๐šฬ„สป๐š๐ก (“๐“๐ก๐ž ๐๐ž๐จ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐š๐ก ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐‚๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ,” ๐ข.๐ž., ๐ฆ๐š๐ข๐ง๐ฌ๐ญ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ฆ ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ ๐š๐œ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐จ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฎ๐ง๐๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐๐ข๐ง๐  ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐ž๐ญ ๐Œ๐ฎ๐ก๐š๐ฆ๐ฆ๐š๐ ๏ทบ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐š๐ง๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ, ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐’๐š๐ฅ๐š๐Ÿ ๐š๐ฌ-๐’๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐ก).

๐ˆ๐ญ ๐ž๐ฑ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ข๐ซ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐จ๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐๐จ๐œ๐ญ๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ฌ, ๐ฉ๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ž๐ฌ, ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ฑ๐ญ๐ฌ, ๐ก๐ข๐ ๐ก๐ฅ๐ข๐ ๐ก๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐๐ž๐ฏ๐ข๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐ฆ๐š๐ข๐ง๐ฌ๐ญ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ฆ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐›๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐Ÿ๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ž๐ฌ, ๐š๐ง๐ ๐š๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ข๐ซ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ญ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ง ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐ฃ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ฎ๐๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž.

๐Ÿ. ๐ˆ๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐จ๐๐ฎ๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง

๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐๐จ๐ฑ๐ฒ, ๐š๐ฌ ๐๐ž๐Ÿ๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ ๐›๐ฒ ๐€๐ก๐ฅ ๐š๐ฌ-๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐š ๐ฐ๐š ๐ฅ-๐‰๐š๐ฆ๐šฬ„สป๐š๐ก, ๐ž๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ก๐š๐ฌ๐ข๐ณ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐ญ ๐š๐๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐ญ๐จ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ฎ๐ซ’๐š๐ง ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐š๐ก ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐ž๐ญ ๐Œ๐ฎ๐ก๐š๐ฆ๐ฆ๐š๐ ๏ทบ, ๐š๐ฌ ๐ฎ๐ง๐๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐จ๐ ๐›๐ฒ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐’๐š๐ฅ๐š๐Ÿ ๐š๐ฌ-๐’๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐ก (๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฉ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ž๐๐ž๐œ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ซ๐ฌ). ๐€๐ง๐ฒ ๐๐ž๐ฏ๐ข๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฌ๐ž ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐ฌ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐œ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ข๐๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ ๐š ๐๐ž๐ฉ๐š๐ซ๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ž ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐ญ๐ซ๐ฎ๐ž ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ. ๐“๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ฉ๐š๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ ๐œ๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ž๐ฑ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐จ๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐๐จ๐œ๐ญ๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐š๐ฒ๐ซ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก, ๐๐ž๐ค๐ญ๐š๐ฌ๐ก๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก, ๐ˆ๐ซ๐š๐ช๐ข ๐ˆ๐ฆ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก, ๐š๐ง๐ ๐“๐ฎ๐ซ๐ค๐ข๐ฌ๐ก ๐€๐ฅ๐ž๐ฏ๐ข๐ฌ, ๐š๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ข๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐ ๐ง๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐๐จ๐ฑ๐ฒ.

๐Ÿ. ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐š๐ฒ๐ซ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก (๐€๐ฅ๐š๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐’๐ฒ๐ซ๐ข๐š ๐š๐ง๐ ๐‹๐ž๐›๐š๐ง๐จ๐ง)

๐“๐ก๐ž๐จ๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐Ÿ๐ฌ:

โ€ข ๐ƒ๐ข๐ฏ๐ข๐ง๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐จ๐Ÿ ‘๐€๐ฅ๐ข ๐ข๐›๐ง ๐€๐›๐ข ๐“๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐›: ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐š๐ฒ๐ซ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก ๐š๐ฌ๐œ๐ซ๐ข๐›๐ž ๐๐ข๐ฏ๐ข๐ง๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐ญ๐จ ‘๐€๐ฅ๐ข ๐ข๐›๐ง ๐€๐›๐ข ๐“๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐›, ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ข๐๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ก๐ข๐ฆ ๐š๐ง ๐ข๐ง๐œ๐š๐ซ๐ง๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐†๐จ๐. ๐“๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐›๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐Ÿ ๐๐ข๐ซ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐๐ข๐œ๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ง๐๐š๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐š๐ฅ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ž๐ญ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐š๐ฐ๐ก๐ข๐ (“๐Ž๐ง๐ž๐ง๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐€๐ฅ๐ฅ๐š๐ก”).

โ€ข ๐‘๐ž๐ฃ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ๐š๐ซ๐ฌ: ๐€๐๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐š๐ฒ๐ซ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก ๐๐จ ๐ง๐จ๐ญ ๐จ๐›๐ฌ๐ž๐ซ๐ฏ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Ÿ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž ๐ฉ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ๐š๐ซ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ, ๐ข๐ง๐œ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ฉ๐ซ๐š๐ฒ๐ž๐ซ (๐ฌฬฃ๐š๐ฅ๐šฬ„๐ก), ๐Ÿ๐š๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  (๐ฌฬฃ๐š๐ฐ๐ฆ), ๐š๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ฌ๐ ๐ข๐ฏ๐ข๐ง๐  (๐ณ๐š๐ค๐šฬ„๐ก), ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐ข๐ฅ๐ ๐ซ๐ข๐ฆ๐š๐ ๐ž (๐กฬฃ๐š๐ฃ๐ฃ), ๐ฐ๐ก๐ข๐œ๐ก ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐จ๐›๐ฅ๐ข๐ ๐š๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ฒ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐Œ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ.

๐‡๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐‚๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ฑ๐ญ:

โ€ข ๐๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ž๐œ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐š๐ง๐ ๐’๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐š๐ซ๐ข๐š๐ง ๐ˆ๐๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ: ๐‡๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฒ, ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐š๐ฒ๐ซ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก ๐Ÿ๐š๐œ๐ž๐ ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ž๐œ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐ซ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ ๐๐ฎ๐ž ๐ญ๐จ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ข๐ซ ๐ก๐ž๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐จ๐๐จ๐ฑ ๐›๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐Ÿ๐ฌ. ๐“๐ก๐ž๐ข๐ซ ๐ซ๐ข๐ฌ๐ž ๐ญ๐จ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฐ๐ž๐ซ ๐ข๐ง ๐’๐ฒ๐ซ๐ข๐š ๐ฎ๐ง๐๐ž๐ซ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐€๐ฌ๐ฌ๐š๐ ๐ซ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐ฆ๐ž ๐ก๐š๐ฌ ๐›๐ž๐ž๐ง ๐š ๐ฌ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐œ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐จ๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ฒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฌ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐š๐ซ๐ข๐š๐ง ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง.

๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž:

โ€ข ๐‚๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐’๐œ๐ก๐จ๐ฅ๐š๐ซ๐ฌ: ๐„๐ฆ๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐ฌ๐œ๐ก๐จ๐ฅ๐š๐ซ๐ฌ ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐œ๐ก ๐š๐ฌ ๐ˆ๐›๐ง ๐“๐š๐ฒ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ˆ๐›๐ง ๐Š๐š๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ซ ๐ก๐š๐ฏ๐ž ๐ž๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐ญ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐œ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐ณ๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐š๐ฒ๐ซ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก ๐š๐ฌ ๐ง๐จ๐ง-๐Œ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ ๐๐ฎ๐ž ๐ญ๐จ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ข๐ซ ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐›๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐Ÿ๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ž๐ฌ.

๐Ÿ‘. ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐๐ž๐ค๐ญ๐š๐ฌ๐ก๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก (๐๐š๐ฅ๐ค๐š๐ง๐ฌ)

๐“๐ก๐ž๐จ๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐Ÿ๐ฌ:

โ€ข ๐’๐ฒ๐ง๐œ๐ซ๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐„๐ฌ๐จ๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ: ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐๐ž๐ค๐ญ๐š๐ฌ๐ก๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก ๐ข๐ง๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ฉ๐จ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž ๐ž๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐’๐ก๐ข๐š ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ, ๐†๐ง๐จ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ, ๐š๐ง๐ ๐’๐ฎ๐Ÿ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ, ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ข๐ง ๐š ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ง๐œ๐ซ๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐œ ๐›๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐Ÿ ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ฆ ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐๐ข๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ ๐ž๐ฌ ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐๐จ๐ฑ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐ญ๐ž๐š๐œ๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ฌ.

โ€ข ๐‘๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ‘๐€๐ฅ๐ข: ๐’๐ข๐ฆ๐ข๐ฅ๐š๐ซ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐š๐ฒ๐ซ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก, ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ž๐ค๐ญ๐š๐ฌ๐ก๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก ๐ก๐จ๐ฅ๐ ‘๐€๐ฅ๐ข ๐ข๐›๐ง ๐€๐›๐ข ๐“๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐› ๐ข๐ง ๐ก๐ข๐ ๐ก ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ž๐ฆ, ๐›๐จ๐ซ๐๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐จ๐ง ๐๐ž๐ข๐Ÿ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง, ๐ฐ๐ก๐ข๐œ๐ก ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐๐ข๐œ๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐œ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐š๐ฐ๐ก๐ข๐.

๐‡๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐‚๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ฑ๐ญ:

โ€ข ๐‘๐จ๐ฅ๐ž ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Ž๐ญ๐ญ๐จ๐ฆ๐š๐ง ๐„๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ข๐ซ๐ž: ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐๐ž๐ค๐ญ๐š๐ฌ๐ก๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก ๐ฌ๐ž๐ซ๐ฏ๐ž๐ ๐š๐ฌ ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ข๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ฎ๐š๐ฅ ๐ ๐ฎ๐ข๐๐ž๐ฌ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐‰๐š๐ง๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ๐š๐ซ๐ฒ ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ฉ๐ฌ, ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐š๐ซ๐ฒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐š๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐š๐ข๐ซ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ž๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ข๐ซ๐ž.

๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž:

โ€ข ๐ƒ๐ž๐ฏ๐ข๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐Ž๐ซ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐๐จ๐ฑ๐ฒ: ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐๐ž๐ค๐ญ๐š๐ฌ๐ก๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก’๐ฌ ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ง๐œ๐ซ๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐œ ๐›๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐Ÿ๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐š๐œ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฆ ๐จ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฌ๐ข๐๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ฅ๐ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ, ๐š๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฒ ๐๐จ ๐ง๐จ๐ญ ๐š๐๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ž ๐ญ๐จ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ง๐๐š๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐š๐ฅ ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ž๐ญ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐Ÿ๐š๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ž.

๐Ÿ’. ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐ˆ๐ซ๐š๐ช๐ข ๐ˆ๐ฆ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก (๐“๐ฐ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ ๐’๐ก๐ข๐š)

๐“๐ก๐ž๐จ๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐Ÿ๐ฌ:

โ€ข ๐ƒ๐จ๐œ๐ญ๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ˆ๐ง๐Ÿ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ข๐›๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ: ๐“๐ฐ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ ๐’๐ก๐ข๐š ๐›๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐ฏ๐ž ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ข๐›๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐“๐ฐ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฏ๐ž ๐ˆ๐ฆ๐š๐ฆ๐ฌ, ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ข๐๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฆ ๐๐ข๐ฏ๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐š๐ฉ๐ฉ๐จ๐ข๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฌ๐ข๐ง๐ฅ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ฅ๐ž๐š๐๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ. ๐“๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐›๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐Ÿ ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐๐ข๐œ๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐ฎ๐ง๐๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐๐ข๐ง๐  ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐œ๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ๐ก๐š๐ญ๐ž ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ก๐ฎ๐ฆ๐š๐ง ๐Ÿ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ข๐›๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ.

โ€ข ๐ƒ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ฎ๐ซ’๐š๐ง: ๐’๐จ๐ฆ๐ž ๐Ÿ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐š๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ž๐ซ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ฎ๐ซ’๐š๐ง ๐ก๐š๐ฌ ๐›๐ž๐ž๐ง ๐š๐ฅ๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐โ€”๐š ๐œ๐ฅ๐š๐ข๐ฆ ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ข๐๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐›๐ฒ ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐ฌ๐œ๐ก๐จ๐ฅ๐š๐ซ๐ฌ.

๐‡๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐‚๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ฑ๐ญ:

โ€ข ๐๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐’๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐š๐ซ๐ข๐š๐ง ๐ƒ๐ฒ๐ง๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ๐ฌ: ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐ซ๐ข๐ฌ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐“๐ฐ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ ๐’๐ก๐ข๐š ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐ข๐ง ๐ˆ๐ซ๐š๐ช, ๐ฉ๐š๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š๐ซ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฌ๐ญ-๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ‘, ๐ก๐š๐ฌ ๐ฅ๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ฌ๐ก๐ข๐Ÿ๐ญ๐ฌ ๐š๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข-๐’๐ก๐ข๐š ๐ซ๐ž๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ซ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐จ๐ง.

๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž:

โ€ข ๐‚๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐’๐œ๐ก๐จ๐ฅ๐š๐ซ๐ฌ: ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐ฌ๐œ๐ก๐จ๐ฅ๐š๐ซ๐ฌ ๐œ๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐ณ๐ž ๐“๐ฐ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ ๐’๐ก๐ข๐š ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐จ๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐๐ž๐ฏ๐ข๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ, ๐ข๐ง๐œ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐›๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐Ÿ ๐ข๐ง ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ข๐›๐ฅ๐ž ๐ˆ๐ฆ๐š๐ฆ๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ž๐ ๐ž๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ซ’๐š๐ง๐ข๐œ ๐๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง.

๐Ÿ“. ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐“๐ฎ๐ซ๐ค๐ข๐ฌ๐ก ๐€๐ฅ๐ž๐ฏ๐ข๐ฌ

๐“๐ก๐ž๐จ๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐Ÿ๐ฌ:

โ€ข ๐‘๐ž๐ฃ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ๐š๐ซ๐ฌ: ๐“๐ฎ๐ซ๐ค๐ข๐ฌ๐ก ๐€๐ฅ๐ž๐ฏ๐ข๐ฌ ๐๐จ ๐ง๐จ๐ญ ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐จ๐›๐ฌ๐ž๐ซ๐ฏ๐ž ๐จ๐›๐ฅ๐ข๐ ๐š๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ฒ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐œ๐ก ๐š๐ฌ ๐ฌฬฃ๐š๐ฅ๐šฬ„๐ก ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฌฬฃ๐š๐ฐ๐ฆ, ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐š๐ฅ ๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐จ๐ง๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ.

๐’โ€ข ๐ฒ๐ง๐œ๐ซ๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐œ ๐๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐Ÿ๐ฌ: ๐“๐ก๐ž๐ข๐ซ ๐Ÿ๐š๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐ข๐ง๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ฉ๐จ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ž๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐’๐ก๐ข๐š ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ, ๐’๐ฎ๐Ÿ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ, ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฅ๐จ๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐€๐ง๐š๐ญ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐š๐ง ๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ, ๐œ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐š ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ง๐œ๐ซ๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐œ ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ฆ ๐๐ข๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐๐จ๐ฑ๐ฒ.

๐‡๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐‚๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ฑ๐ญ:

โ€ข ๐’๐จ๐œ๐ข๐š๐ฅ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐ˆ๐๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ: ๐€๐ฅ๐ž๐ฏ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ก๐š๐ฏ๐ž ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐Ÿ๐š๐œ๐ž๐ ๐ฆ๐š๐ซ๐ ๐ข๐ง๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐ณ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ž๐œ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ข๐ง ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข-๐ฆ๐š๐ฃ๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐ฌ๐จ๐œ๐ข๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐ž๐ฌ, ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐š ๐๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐œ๐ญ ๐ฌ๐จ๐œ๐ข๐š๐ฅ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐ข๐๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ.

๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž:

โ€ข ๐ƒ๐ž๐ฏ๐ข๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐Ž๐ซ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐๐จ๐ฑ๐ฒ: ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐“๐ฎ๐ซ๐ค๐ข๐ฌ๐ก ๐€๐ฅ๐ž๐ฏ๐ข๐ฌโ€™ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฃ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ง๐๐š๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐š๐ฅ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ž๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ข๐ซ ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ง๐œ๐ซ๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐œ ๐›๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐Ÿ๐ฌ ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐š๐œ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฆ ๐จ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฌ๐ข๐๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ฅ๐ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ.

๐Ÿ”. ๐‚๐จ๐ง๐œ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง

๐“๐ก๐ž ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐š๐ฒ๐ซ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก, ๐๐ž๐ค๐ญ๐š๐ฌ๐ก๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก, ๐ˆ๐ซ๐š๐ช๐ข ๐ˆ๐ฆ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก, ๐š๐ง๐ ๐“๐ฎ๐ซ๐ค๐ข๐ฌ๐ก ๐€๐ฅ๐ž๐ฏ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ž๐ฑ๐ก๐ข๐›๐ข๐ญ ๐ฌ๐ข๐ ๐ง๐ข๐Ÿ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ง๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐จ๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐๐จ๐œ๐ญ๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐๐ž๐ฏ๐ข๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ง๐๐š๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐š๐ฅ ๐ญ๐ž๐š๐œ๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ.

๐“๐ก๐ž๐ข๐ซ ๐›๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐Ÿ๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ž๐ฌ, ๐ข๐ง๐œ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ซ๐ž๐ฃ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐ž ๐ฉ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ๐š๐ซ๐ฌ, ๐๐ž๐ข๐Ÿ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐Ÿ๐ข๐ ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ, ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฌ๐ฒ๐ง๐œ๐ซ๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐œ ๐ž๐ฅ๐ž๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ, ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐š๐œ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฆ ๐จ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฌ๐ข๐๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ฅ๐ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐€๐ก๐ฅ ๐š๐ฌ-๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐š ๐ฐ๐š ๐ฅ-๐‰๐š๐ฆ๐šฬ„สป๐š๐ก (๐ฆ๐š๐ข๐ง๐ฌ๐ญ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ฆ ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ ๐š๐œ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐จ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฎ๐ง๐๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐๐ข๐ง๐  ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐ž๐ญ ๐Œ๐ฎ๐ก๐š๐ฆ๐ฆ๐š๐ ๏ทบ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐š๐ง๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ). ๐ˆ๐ง๐๐ข๐ฏ๐ข๐๐ฎ๐š๐ฅ๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฌ๐ž ๐ ๐ซ๐จ๐ฎ๐ฉ๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐š๐ฒ ๐ง๐จ๐ญ ๐›๐ž ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐š๐œ๐œ๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐ญ๐š๐›๐ฅ๐ž ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐ข๐ ๐ง๐จ๐ซ๐š๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐จ๐ซ ๐œ๐จ๐ž๐ซ๐œ๐ข๐จ๐ง, ๐›๐ฎ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐œ๐จ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž ๐๐จ๐œ๐ญ๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ฌ ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐ฎ๐ง๐๐ž๐ซ ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐๐š๐ซ๐๐ฌ.

๐‘๐ž๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ฌ

๐ˆ๐›๐ง ๐“๐š๐ฒ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก, ๐“. (๐Ÿ๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ•). ๐€๐ฅ-๐…๐ฎ๐ซ๐ช๐š๐ง ๐›๐š๐ฒ๐ง๐š ๐š๐ฐ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฒ๐š’ ๐š๐ฅ-๐‘๐š๐ก๐ฆ๐š๐ง ๐ฐ๐š ๐š๐ฐ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฒ๐š’ ๐š๐ฅ-๐’๐ก๐š๐ฒ๐ญ๐š๐ง. ๐ƒ๐š๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ-๐๐š๐ฌ๐ก๐š’๐ข๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ-๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก.

๐ˆ๐›๐ง ๐Š๐š๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ซ, ๐ˆ. (๐Ÿ๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ—). ๐€๐ฅ-๐๐ข๐๐š๐ฒ๐š ๐ฐ๐š’๐ฅ-๐๐ข๐ก๐š๐ฒ๐š. ๐ƒ๐š๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ-๐Š๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฎ๐› ๐š๐ฅ-๐ˆ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก.

๐€๐ฅ-๐๐š๐ ๐ก๐๐š๐๐ข, ๐€. (๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ). ๐€๐ฅ-๐…๐š๐ซ๐ช ๐›๐š๐ฒ๐ง ๐š๐ฅ-๐…๐ข๐ซ๐š๐ช. ๐ƒ๐š๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ-๐Œ๐š’๐š๐ซ๐ข๐Ÿ.

๐€๐ฅ-๐’๐ก๐š๐ก๐ซ๐š๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐ข, ๐€. (๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ‘). ๐€๐ฅ-๐Œ๐ข๐ฅ๐š๐ฅ ๐ฐ๐š’๐ฅ-๐๐ข๐ก๐š๐ฅ. ๐ƒ๐š๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ-๐Œ๐š’๐š๐ซ๐ข๐Ÿ.

๐€๐ฅ-๐ƒ๐ก๐š๐ก๐š๐›๐ข, ๐’. (๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ‘). ๐’๐ข๐ฒ๐š๐ซ ๐€’๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ ๐š๐ฅ-๐๐ฎ๐›๐š๐ฅ๐š’. ๐ƒ๐š๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ-๐Œ๐š’๐š๐ซ๐ข๐Ÿ.

๐€๐ฅ-๐“๐š๐›๐š๐ซ๐ข, ๐Œ. (๐Ÿ๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ•). ๐“๐š๐ซ๐ข๐ค๐ก ๐š๐ฅ-๐“๐š๐›๐š๐ซ๐ข. ๐ƒ๐š๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ-๐Œ๐š’๐š๐ซ๐ข๐Ÿ.

๐€๐ฅ-๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐ญ๐ฎ๐›๐ข, ๐€. (๐Ÿ๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ•). ๐€๐ฅ-๐‰๐š๐ฆ๐ข’ ๐ฅ๐ข-๐€๐ก๐ค๐š๐ฆ ๐š๐ฅ-๐๐ฎ๐ซ’๐š๐ง. ๐ƒ๐š๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ-๐Š๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฎ๐› ๐š๐ฅ-๐ˆ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก.

๐€๐ฅ-๐๐ฎ๐ค๐ก๐š๐ซ๐ข, ๐Œ. (๐Ÿ๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ•). ๐’๐š๐ก๐ข๐ก ๐š๐ฅ-๐๐ฎ๐ค๐ก๐š๐ซ๐ข. ๐ƒ๐š๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ-๐Š๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฎ๐› ๐š๐ฅ-๐ˆ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก.

๐Œ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ, ๐ˆ. (๐Ÿ๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ•). ๐’๐š๐ก๐ข๐ก ๐Œ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ. ๐ƒ๐š๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ-๐Š๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฎ๐› ๐š๐ฅ-๐ˆ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก.

๐€๐ฅ-๐๐š๐ฐ๐š๐ฐ๐ข, ๐˜. (๐Ÿ๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ•). ๐’๐ก๐š๐ซ๐ก ๐’๐š๐ก๐ข๐ก ๐Œ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ. ๐ƒ๐š๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ-๐Š๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฎ๐› ๐š๐ฅ-๐ˆ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก.

๐€๐ฅ-๐†๐ก๐š๐ณ๐š๐ฅ๐ข, ๐€. (๐Ÿ๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ•). ๐ˆ๐ก๐ฒ๐š’ ๐”๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฆ ๐š๐ฅ-๐ƒ๐ข๐ง. ๐ƒ๐š๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ-๐Š๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฎ๐› ๐š๐ฅ-๐ˆ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก.

๐€๐ฅ-๐’๐ฎ๐ฒ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ข, ๐‰. (๐Ÿ๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ•). ๐€๐ฅ-๐ˆ๐ญ๐ช๐š๐ง ๐Ÿ๐ข ‘๐”๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฆ ๐š๐ฅ-๐๐ฎ๐ซ’๐š๐ง. ๐ƒ๐š๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ-๐Š๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฎ๐› ๐š๐ฅ-๐ˆ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก.

๐€๐ฅ-๐’๐ก๐š๐Ÿ๐ข’๐ข, ๐Œ. (๐Ÿ๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ•). ๐€๐ฅ-๐‘๐ข๐ฌ๐š๐ฅ๐š. ๐ƒ๐š๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ-๐Š๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฎ๐› ๐š๐ฅ-๐ˆ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก.

๐€๐ฅ-๐๐š๐ฒ๐ก๐š๐ช๐ข, ๐€. (๐Ÿ๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ•). ๐€๐ฅ-๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐š๐ง ๐š๐ฅ-๐Š๐ฎ๐›๐ซ๐š. ๐ƒ๐š๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ-๐Š๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฎ๐› ๐š๐ฅ-๐ˆ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก.

๐€๐ฅ-๐ƒ๐š๐ซ๐š๐ช๐ฎ๐ญ๐ง๐ข, ๐€. (๐Ÿ๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ•). ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐š๐ง ๐š๐ฅ-๐ƒ๐š๐ซ๐š๐ช๐ฎ๐ญ๐ง๐ข. ๐ƒ๐š๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ-๐Š๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฎ๐› ๐š๐ฅ-๐ˆ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก.

๐€๐ฅ-๐“๐ข๐ซ๐ฆ๐ข๐๐ก๐ข, ๐€. (๐Ÿ๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ•). ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐š๐ง ๐š๐ฅ-๐“๐ข๐ซ๐ฆ๐ข๐๐ก๐ข. ๐ƒ๐š๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ-๐Š๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฎ๐› ๐š๐ฅ-๐ˆ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก.

๐€๐ฅ-๐๐š๐ฌ๐š’๐ข, ๐€. (๐Ÿ๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ•). ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐š๐ง ๐š๐ฅ-๐๐š๐ฌ๐š’๐ข. ๐ƒ๐š๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ-๐Š๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฎ๐› ๐š๐ฅ-๐ˆ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก.

๐ˆ๐›๐ง ๐‡๐š๐ฃ๐š๐ซ, ๐€. (๐Ÿ๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ—๐Ÿ•). ๐…๐š๐ญ๐ก ๐š๐ฅ-๐๐š๐ซ๐ข. ๐ƒ๐š๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ-๐Š๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฎ๐› ๐š๐ฅ-๐ˆ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฒ๐ฒ๐š๐ก.

๐€๐ฅ๐ฅ๐š๐ก ๐Š๐ง๐จ๐ฐ๐ฌ ๐๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ.

๐‘๐ž๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ฌ:

The Doctrinal Disbelief of the Nusayriyyah (โ€˜Alawites), Alevis (Turkish โ€˜Alawites), Bektashiyyah (Bektashi Order), and Twelver Imamiyyah (Twelver Shiโ€˜ites): Exposition of Their Kuffฤr Status According to Sunni Islam

Ten Things can make you OUT of Islam Fold- The things that nullify Islam.

Clarifying the Distinction Between the Four Sunni Islamic Legal Schools of Thought (โ€œMadhhabsโ€) and Deviant Sects: A Necessary Theological Delineation in an Age of Confusion

A quick comparison between the corrupt Shiite religion โ€œShiismโ€ and the corrupt Sufi religion โ€œSufismโ€

Are you a Kฤfir?

Dangers of Sufism

The Islamic Ruling on Shi`ites (Rawafid) by Early Muslims.

The Status of the Twelvers Shiโ€™a Imams= Ithna โ€˜Ashari Shiโ€™a

Assessment of Umar ibn Al-Khattab by Prophet Muhammed, companions, Western writers, and oriental writers.

Distortion of the Qurโ€™รขn by the Shiโ€™a Raafidis

Anyone Considers non-Prophets superior to Prophets peace be upon them is NOT Muslim- Shiโ€™a as an Example

The hadeeth โ€œThere will appear among you twelve imams coming one after another, all of them from Quraysh.โ€

A Refutation of the doubt that Shaykh Muhammad bin โ€˜Abdil-Wahhaab made takfeer of Muslims

Permissible and prohibited Tawassul=Supplication in Islam

โ€˜Umar ibn Al-Khattab did not seek the help of Allah by virtue of the status of al-โ€˜Abbaas (may Allah be pleased with him)

Tawassul: Seeking help from prophets and saints?

Asking the deceased for supplications or intercession?

The story of Ghadir Khumm and Shiโ€™a claim that Ali ibn Abi Talib RA was the first rightful Caliph

๐–๐š๐ซ๐ง๐ข๐ง๐ : ๐˜๐š๐ฌ๐ข๐ซ ๐๐š๐๐ก๐ข ๐š ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฅ๐ž๐š๐๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ƒ๐ž๐ฏ๐ข๐š๐ง๐ญ ๐ญ๐จ ๐›๐ž ๐š๐ฏ๐จ๐ข๐๐ž๐

The Raafidis=Shiโ€™a are undoubtedly kuffaar=non-Muslims=Out of the fold of Islam for four reasons

๐–๐š๐ซ๐ง๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ƒ๐ข๐ฌ๐›๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ ๐Š๐š๐Ÿ๐ข๐ซ ๐’๐ก๐ž๐ข๐ค๐ก ๐ˆ๐ฆ๐ซ๐š๐ง ๐‡๐จ๐ฌ๐ž๐ข๐ง ๐๐ž๐œ๐ž๐ข๐ฏ๐ž๐ฌ ๐Œ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ ๐œ๐ฅ๐š๐ข๐ฆ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐จ ๐›๐ž ๐Œ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ

Ruling on Rejecting a verse in the Quran or Rejects an Authentic hadith

Temporary fixed-time Mutโ€™ah marriage and refutation of those Shiโ€™a=Raafidis who permit it

Beating female slave for covering up Umar ibn Al-Khattab RA?

Catastrophes in the books of Shia

Why confessions are not allowed in Islam?

Do I confess?

5 Conditions to Get Your Repentance Accepted

Understanding Sufism in Islam

Are the Sufi shaykhs really in contact with Allah?

Lightning Strike on Sufis and Shiโ€™as

What Is the Ruling on Yoga in Islam?

Did The Salaf Understand Ghadir Khumm As The Rafidah Do?

Bitter Admission: Ghadir Khumm Is Not a Clear Evidence For Imamah

Ali ibn Abi Talibโ€™s grandson debunks the Shia understanding of Ghadir Khumm and the infallibility of the Ahlul-Bayt

The Myth Of The Bayโ€™ah Of Ghadir

ุงู„ู†ุตูŠุฑูŠุฉ.. ู†ุดุฃุชู‡ู… โ€“ ุนู‚ุงุฆุฏู‡ู… โ€“ ุฎุทุฑู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฉ

ุนุจุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฒุนู…ุงุก ู„ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุทุงุฆูุฉ ุงู„ู†ุตูŠุฑูŠุฉ