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𝐃𝐱𝐯𝐱𝐝𝐱𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 𝐱𝐧𝐭𝐹 đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđžđŹ


Mohamad Mostafa Nassar

Twitter:@NassarMohamadMR

𝐐𝐼𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐱𝐹𝐧

𝐈 đĄđžđšđ« đŸđ«đšđŠ 𝐬𝐹𝐩𝐞 đ€đ§đšđ°đ„đžđđ đžđšđ›đ„đž đ›đ«đšđ­đĄđžđ«đŹ đœđšđ§đœđžđ«đ§đąđ§đ  𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐱𝐭𝐬 đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđžđŹ 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐒𝐡𝐚đČđ€đĄ đźđ„ đˆđŹđ„đšđŠ 𝐓𝐚đȘ𝐱`𝐼𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐈𝐛𝐧 𝐓𝐚đČ𝐩𝐱đČđČ𝐚𝐚𝐡 (đ‘đšđĄđąđŠđšđĄđźđ„đ„đšđšđĄ) đĄđžđ„đ 𝟐 đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđžđŹ 𝐹𝐟 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 (𝐱𝐞; 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 đ€đ«-𝐑𝐼𝐛𝐹𝐹𝐛𝐱đČđČ𝐚𝐚𝐡 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 đ€đ„ 𝐀𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐚 𝐖𝐚𝐬 𝐒𝐱𝐟𝐚𝐚𝐭) 𝐇𝐹𝐰 đ­đ«đźđž đšđ«đž 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬?

𝐃𝐱𝐝 𝐒𝐡𝐚đČđ€đĄ 𝐌𝐼𝐡𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐚𝐝 𝐈𝐛𝐧 đˆđ›đ«đšđĄđžđžđŠ (đ«đšđĄđąđŠđšđĄđźđ„đ„đšđšđĄ) đĄđšđ„đ 𝟒 đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđžđŹ?

𝐀𝐧𝐝 đŸđąđ§đšđ„đ„đČ, 𝐝𝐹𝐞𝐬 𝐒𝐡𝐚đČđ€đĄ đ’đšđ„đžđžđĄ đ€đ„ 𝐅𝐚𝐰𝐳𝐚𝐚𝐧 (𝐩𝐚đČ đ€đ„đ„đšđĄ đ©đ«đžđŹđžđ«đŻđž 𝐡𝐱𝐩) đĄđšđ„đ 𝟒 đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđžđŹ 𝐹𝐟 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝?

đ€đ§đŹđ°đžđ«


đđ«đšđąđŹđž 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐹 đ€đ„đ„đšđĄ.

đ…đąđ«đŹđ­đ„đČ:

𝐖𝐞 𝐩𝐼𝐬𝐭 đźđ§đđžđ«đŹđ­đšđ§đ 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đ©đ«đąđ§đœđąđ©đ„đž 𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐜𝐡 𝐬𝐚đČ𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 đ­đĄđžđ«đž 𝐱𝐬 𝐧𝐹𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐧𝐠 đ°đ«đšđ§đ  𝐰𝐱𝐭𝐡 𝐼𝐬𝐱𝐧𝐠 𝐧𝐞𝐰 đ­đžđ«đŠđąđ§đšđ„đšđ đČ. 𝐓𝐡𝐱𝐬 đ©đ«đąđ§đœđąđ©đ„đž 𝐱𝐬 đ°đžđ„đ„-đ€đ§đšđ°đ§ 𝐚𝐩𝐹𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐼đȘ𝐚𝐡𝐚’ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 đŹđœđĄđšđ„đšđ«đŹ 𝐹𝐟 đźđŹđšđšđ„. 𝐈𝐛𝐧 đšđ„-𝐐𝐚đČđČ𝐱𝐩 (𝐩𝐚đČ đ€đ„đ„đšđĄ 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 đŠđžđ«đœđČ 𝐹𝐧 𝐡𝐱𝐩) 𝐬𝐚𝐱𝐝:

đ“đĄđžđ«đž 𝐱𝐬 𝐧𝐹𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐧𝐠 đ°đ«đšđ§đ  𝐰𝐱𝐭𝐡 𝐧𝐞𝐰 đœđšđ§đœđžđ©đ­đŹ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐧𝐞𝐰 đ°đšđ«đđŹ, đźđ§đ„đžđŹđŹ đ­đĄđžđ«đž 𝐱𝐬 𝐬𝐹𝐩𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐚𝐝 𝐚𝐛𝐹𝐼𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐩.

đŒđšđđšđšđ«đąđŁ đšđ„-đ’đšđšđ„đąđ€đžđžđ§, 𝟑/𝟑𝟎𝟔

đ’đžđœđšđ§đđ„đČ:

đ…đ«đšđŠ đžđšđ«đ„đČ 𝐭𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đŹđœđĄđšđ„đšđ«đŹ 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđłđžđ 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đ«đźđ„đąđ§đ đŹ 𝐹𝐟 đŹđĄđšđ«đžđžâ€™đšđĄ. 𝐓𝐡𝐱𝐬 𝐡𝐚𝐬 đšđ§đ„đČ 𝐛𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐝𝐹𝐧𝐞 𝐭𝐹 đŠđšđ€đž 𝐱𝐭 đžđšđŹđąđžđ« 𝐭𝐹 đźđ§đđžđ«đŹđ­đšđ§đ 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đ­đžđ±đ­đŹ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 đ«đźđ„đąđ§đ đŹ 𝐹𝐟 đŹđĄđšđ«đžđžâ€™đšđĄ, đžđŹđ©đžđœđąđšđ„đ„đČ 𝐚𝐬 𝐭𝐱𝐩𝐞 𝐠𝐹𝐞𝐬 𝐛đČ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 đ€đ§đšđ°đ„đžđđ đž 𝐹𝐟 đ€đ«đšđ›đąđœ đ„đšđ§đ đźđšđ đž 𝐛𝐞𝐜𝐹𝐩𝐞𝐬 đ°đžđšđ€đžđ« 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đ„đšđ§đ đźđšđ đž 𝐠𝐞𝐭𝐬 đŠđąđ±đžđ 𝐰𝐱𝐭𝐡 đŸđšđ«đžđąđ đ§ đ„đšđ§đ đźđšđ đžđŹ.

𝐓𝐡𝐞 đŹđœđĄđšđ„đšđ«đŹ 𝐭𝐡𝐹𝐼𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐱𝐭 𝐰𝐱𝐬𝐞 𝐭𝐹 𝐬𝐞𝐭 𝐹𝐼𝐭 đ©đ«đąđ§đœđąđ©đ„đžđŹ, 𝐱𝐬𝐬𝐼𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđžđŹ 𝐭𝐹 đŠđšđ€đž 𝐱𝐭 đžđšđŹđąđžđ« 𝐭𝐹 đźđ§đđžđ«đŹđ­đšđ§đ. đ“đĄđžđ«đž 𝐱𝐬 𝐧𝐹𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐧𝐠 đ°đ«đšđ§đ  𝐰𝐱𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐬, 𝐱𝐧 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐱𝐭 𝐱𝐬 𝐚 𝐠𝐹𝐹𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐞𝐜𝐚𝐼𝐬𝐞 𝐱𝐭 đŠđšđ€đžđŹ đ€đ§đšđ°đ„đžđđ đž đŠđšđ«đž đšđœđœđžđŹđŹđąđ›đ„đž 𝐭𝐹 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đŒđźđŹđ„đąđŠđŹ. đ€đ„-𝐒𝐡𝐚𝐚𝐟𝐚’𝐱 𝐬𝐞𝐭 𝐹𝐼𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đ©đ«đąđ§đœđąđ©đ„đžđŹ 𝐹𝐟 𝐟𝐱đȘ𝐡 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐱𝐬 đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđłđšđ­đąđšđ§ 𝐰𝐚𝐬 đ°đžđ„đ„-đ«đžđœđžđąđŻđžđ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐰𝐚𝐬 đŸđšđ„đ„đšđ°đžđ 𝐛đČ 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đŹđœđĄđšđ„đšđ«đŹ 𝐹𝐟 đźđŹđšđšđ„ 𝐰𝐡𝐹 đ°đ«đšđ­đž đœđšđŠđŠđžđ§đ­đšđ«đąđžđŹ 𝐹𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐱𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐹 𝐱𝐭. 𝐓𝐡𝐱𝐬 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐝𝐹𝐧𝐞 𝐱𝐧 đšđ„đ„ đ›đ«đšđ§đœđĄđžđŹ 𝐹𝐟 đˆđŹđ„đšđŠđąđœ đ€đ§đšđ°đ„đžđđ đž 𝐬𝐼𝐜𝐡 𝐚𝐬 𝐭𝐚𝐣𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐝 (đ«đžđœđąđ­đšđ­đąđšđ§ 𝐹𝐟 đđźđ«đšđ§), đđźđ«đšđ§ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 đšđ­đĄđžđ«đŹ, đąđ§đœđ„đźđđąđ§đ  𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝.

đ“đĄđąđ«đđ„đČ:

𝐖𝐱𝐭𝐡 đ«đžđ đšđ«đ 𝐭𝐹 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đȘđźđžđŹđ­đąđšđ§đžđ« 𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐱𝐹𝐧𝐬, 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐒𝐡𝐚đČđ€đĄ đšđ„-đˆđŹđ„đšđŠ [𝐈𝐛𝐧 𝐓𝐚đČ𝐩𝐱đČ𝐚𝐡] 𝐝𝐱𝐯𝐱𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 𝐱𝐧𝐭𝐹 𝐭𝐰𝐹 đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđžđŹ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐡𝐚đČđ€đĄ 𝐌𝐼𝐡𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐚𝐝 𝐱𝐛𝐧 đˆđ›đ«đšđšđĄđžđžđŠ 𝐝𝐱𝐯𝐱𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐱𝐭 𝐱𝐧𝐭𝐹 đŸđšđźđ«, 𝐚𝐬 𝐝𝐱𝐝 𝐒𝐡𝐚đČđ€đĄ đ’đšđšđ„đąđĄ đšđ„-𝐅𝐚𝐰𝐳𝐚𝐚𝐧, đ­đĄđžđ«đž 𝐱𝐬 𝐧𝐹𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐧𝐠 đ°đ«đšđ§đ  𝐰𝐱𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭. 𝐖𝐞 đ°đąđ„đ„ đžđ±đ©đ„đšđąđ§ 𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐬 𝐭𝐹 đČ𝐹𝐼.

𝐒𝐹𝐩𝐞 𝐹𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đŹđœđĄđšđ„đšđ«đŹ 𝐬𝐚𝐱𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐛𝐞 𝐝𝐱𝐯𝐱𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐱𝐧𝐭𝐹 𝐭𝐰𝐹 đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđžđŹ:

𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 đšđ„-đŒđšâ€™đ«đąđŸđšđĄ đ°đšâ€™đ„-𝐈𝐭𝐡𝐛𝐚𝐚𝐭 (𝐎𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐹𝐟 đ€đ§đšđ°đ„đžđđ đž 𝐚𝐧𝐝 đšđŸđŸđąđ«đŠđšđ­đąđšđ§): 𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐜𝐡 đąđ§đœđ„đźđđžđŹ đ›đžđ„đąđžđŻđąđ§đ  𝐱𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đžđ±đąđŹđ­đžđ§đœđž 𝐹𝐟 đ€đ„đ„đšđĄ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐱𝐧 𝐇𝐱𝐬 đ‹đšđ«đđŹđĄđąđ© 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐇𝐱𝐬 𝐧𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 đšđ­đ­đ«đąđ›đźđ­đžđŹ.

𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 đšđ„-𝐐𝐚𝐬𝐝 đ°đšâ€™đ„-đ“đšđ„đšđ› (𝐎𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐹𝐟 𝐹𝐛𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐱𝐩), 𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐜𝐡 đąđ§đœđ„đźđđžđŹ đ›đžđ„đąđžđŻđąđ§đ  𝐱𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐱𝐯𝐱𝐧𝐞 đ§đšđ­đźđ«đž 𝐹𝐟 đ€đ„đ„đšđĄ.

𝐖𝐱𝐭𝐡 đ«đžđ đšđ«đ 𝐭𝐹 𝐭𝐡𝐹𝐬𝐞 𝐰𝐡𝐹 𝐝𝐱𝐯𝐱𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 𝐱𝐧𝐭𝐹 đ­đĄđ«đžđž đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđžđŹ, 𝐭𝐡𝐞đČ đžđ±đ©đ„đšđąđ§đžđ 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đ©đ«đžđŻđąđšđźđŹ đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđłđšđ­đąđšđ§ 𝐱𝐧 đŠđšđ«đž đđžđ­đšđąđ„ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐱𝐭 đžđšđŹđąđžđ« 𝐭𝐹 đźđ§đđžđ«đŹđ­đšđ§đ. 𝐒𝐹 𝐭𝐡𝐞đČ 𝐬𝐚𝐱𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 𝐱𝐬 𝐝𝐱𝐯𝐱𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐱𝐧𝐭𝐹 đ­đĄđ«đžđž đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđžđŹ:

𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 đšđ„-𝐑𝐼𝐛𝐹𝐹𝐛𝐱đČđČ𝐚𝐡 (𝐎𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐹𝐟 𝐝𝐱𝐯𝐱𝐧𝐞 đ‹đšđ«đđŹđĄđąđ©): 𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐜𝐡 đąđ§đœđ„đźđđžđŹ đ›đžđ„đąđžđŸ 𝐱𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đžđ±đąđŹđ­đžđ§đœđž 𝐹𝐟 đ€đ„đ„đšđĄ.

𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 đšđ„-đ”đ„đšđšđĄđąđČđČ𝐚𝐡 (𝐎𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐹𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐃𝐱𝐯𝐱𝐧𝐞 đ§đšđ­đźđ«đž) đšđ« 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 đšđ„-‘𝐈𝐛𝐚𝐚𝐝𝐚𝐡 (𝐎𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐹𝐟 đ°đšđ«đŹđĄđąđ©) – 𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐜𝐡 𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐩𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐧𝐠.

𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 đšđ„-𝐀𝐬𝐩𝐚’ đ°đšâ€™đ„-𝐒𝐱𝐟𝐚𝐚𝐭 (𝐎𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐹𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐃𝐱𝐯𝐱𝐧𝐞 𝐧𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 đšđ­đ­đ«đąđ›đźđ­đžđŹ)

𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐬𝐹𝐩𝐞 𝐹𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đŹđœđĄđšđ„đšđ«đŹ 𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐹 𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐬 đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđłđšđ­đąđšđ§ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐚𝐱𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 𝐩𝐚đČ 𝐛𝐞 𝐝𝐱𝐯𝐱𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐱𝐧𝐭𝐹 đŸđšđźđ« đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđžđŹ:

đđžđ„đąđžđŸ 𝐱𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đžđ±đąđŹđ­đžđ§đœđž 𝐹𝐟 đ€đ„đ„đšđĄ.

đđžđ„đąđžđŸ 𝐱𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đ‹đšđ«đđŹđĄđąđ© 𝐹𝐟 đ€đ„đ„đšđĄ.

đđžđ„đąđžđŸ 𝐱𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐃𝐱𝐯𝐱𝐧𝐱𝐭đČ 𝐹𝐟 đ€đ„đ„đšđĄ.

đđžđ„đąđžđŸ 𝐱𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 đšđ­đ­đ«đąđ›đźđ­đžđŹ 𝐹𝐟 đ€đ„đ„đšđĄ.

𝐀𝐬 𝐰𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐞, đ­đĄđžđ«đž 𝐱𝐬 𝐧𝐹𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐧𝐠 đ°đ«đšđ§đ  𝐰𝐱𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐬 đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđłđšđ­đąđšđ§ 𝐚𝐬 đ„đšđ§đ  𝐚𝐬 𝐱𝐭 𝐝𝐹𝐞𝐬 𝐧𝐹𝐭 đ©đšđąđ§đ­ 𝐭𝐹 𝐚𝐧đČ𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐧𝐠 đŸđšđ„đŹđž, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 đ­đĄđžđ«đž 𝐱𝐬 𝐧𝐹𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐧𝐠 đ°đ«đšđ§đ  𝐰𝐱𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đ­đžđ«đŠđąđ§đšđ„đšđ đČ. 𝐓𝐡𝐱𝐬 đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđłđšđ­đąđšđ§ 𝐱𝐬 đšđ§đ„đČ 𝐭𝐹 đŠđšđ€đž 𝐱𝐭 đžđšđŹđąđžđ« 𝐭𝐹 đźđ§đđžđ«đŹđ­đšđ§đ. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 đŠđšđ«đž 𝐭𝐱𝐩𝐞 đ©đšđŹđŹđžđŹ, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đ„đžđŹđŹ đ©đžđšđ©đ„đž đźđ§đđžđ«đŹđ­đšđ§đ, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đŹđœđĄđšđ„đšđ«đŹ 𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐹 đŠđšđ€đž 𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐧𝐠𝐬 đžđšđŹđąđžđ« 𝐚𝐧𝐝 đŹđąđŠđ©đ„đžđ«.

𝐓𝐹 𝐬𝐼𝐩 đźđ©, đ­đĄđžđ«đž 𝐱𝐬 𝐧𝐹𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐧𝐠 đ°đ«đšđ§đ  𝐰𝐱𝐭𝐡 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đȘđźđžđŹđ­đąđšđ§đžđ« 𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐱𝐹𝐧𝐞𝐝, 𝐛𝐞𝐜𝐚𝐼𝐬𝐞 𝐝𝐱𝐯𝐱𝐝𝐱𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 𝐱𝐧𝐭𝐹 𝐭𝐰𝐹 đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđžđŹ đąđ§đœđ„đźđđžđŹ đžđŻđžđ«đČ𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐱𝐬 đžđ±đ©đ„đšđąđ§đžđ 𝐱𝐧 đđžđ­đšđąđ„ 𝐛đČ 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đšđ­đĄđžđ«đŹ. 𝐓𝐡𝐹𝐬𝐞 𝐰𝐡𝐹 𝐝𝐱𝐯𝐱𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐱𝐭 𝐱𝐧𝐭𝐹 đ­đĄđ«đžđž đšđ« đŸđšđźđ« đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđžđŹ đžđ±đ©đ„đšđąđ§đžđ 𝐱𝐧 đđžđ­đšđąđ„ 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐜𝐡 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐱𝐹𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐱𝐧 𝐜𝐹𝐧𝐜𝐱𝐬𝐞 𝐟𝐚𝐬𝐡𝐱𝐹𝐧 𝐛đČ 𝐭𝐡𝐹𝐬𝐞 𝐰𝐡𝐹 𝐝𝐱𝐯𝐱𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐱𝐭 𝐱𝐧𝐭𝐹 𝐭𝐰𝐹.

𝐁𝐼𝐭 đšđ„đ„ đšđ«đž đšđ đ«đžđžđ 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 đąđ§đœđ„đźđđžđŹ đšđ„đ„ 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞đČ 𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐱𝐹𝐧𝐞𝐝.

đ“đĄđžđ«đž 𝐱𝐬 𝐧𝐹𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐧𝐠 đ°đ«đšđ§đ  𝐰𝐱𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐬 đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđłđšđ­đąđšđ§ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐬 𝐼𝐬𝐞 𝐹𝐟 đ­đžđ«đŠđąđ§đšđ„đšđ đČ, 𝐹𝐧 𝐜𝐹𝐧𝐝𝐱𝐭𝐱𝐹𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐱𝐭 𝐝𝐹𝐞𝐬 𝐧𝐹𝐭 đ„đžđšđ 𝐭𝐹 𝐚𝐧đČ đ©đ«đšđ›đ„đžđŠđŹ, 𝐬𝐼𝐜𝐡 𝐚𝐬 đ„đžđšđŻđąđ§đ  𝐹𝐼𝐭 𝐬𝐹𝐩𝐞 𝐹𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đœđšđ§đœđžđ©đ­đŹ 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 đšđ«đž đ©đšđ«đ­ 𝐹𝐟 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝, đšđ« đąđ§đ­đ«đšđđźđœđąđ§đ  𝐱𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐧𝐹𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐹 𝐝𝐹 𝐰𝐱𝐭𝐡 𝐱𝐭.

đ“đĄđžđ«đž 𝐩𝐚đČ 𝐜𝐹𝐩𝐞 𝐚 𝐭𝐱𝐩𝐞 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐱𝐭 𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐝𝐬 𝐭𝐹 𝐛𝐞 đžđ±đ©đ„đšđąđ§đžđ đŸđźđ«đ­đĄđžđ«, 𝐬𝐹 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đŹđœđĄđšđ„đšđ«đŹ đ°đąđ„đ„ đžđ±đ©đ„đšđąđ§ 𝐱𝐭 𝐰𝐱𝐭𝐡 đŠđšđ«đž đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđžđŹ 𝐱𝐧 đšđ«đđžđ« 𝐭𝐹 đŠđšđ€đž 𝐱𝐭 đžđšđŹđąđžđ« 𝐭𝐹 đźđ§đđžđ«đŹđ­đšđ§đ.

𝐓𝐡𝐱𝐬 𝐱𝐬 𝐚 đ›đ«đąđžđŸ đžđ±đ©đ„đšđ§đšđ­đąđšđ§ 𝐹𝐟 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐱𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐛đČ 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đ­đĄđ«đžđž đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđžđŹ 𝐹𝐟 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝:

đđžđ„đąđžđŸ 𝐱𝐧 𝐃𝐱𝐯𝐱𝐧𝐞 đ‹đšđ«đđŹđĄđąđ© (đ«đźđ›đšđšđ›đąđČđČ𝐚𝐡): 𝐓𝐡𝐱𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐬 đ›đžđ„đąđžđŻđąđ§đ  𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 đ€đ„đ„đšđĄ 𝐱𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đšđ§đ„đČ 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐖𝐡𝐹 đœđ«đžđšđ­đžđŹ, 𝐠𝐱𝐯𝐞𝐬 đ„đąđŸđž 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐡, 𝐞𝐭𝐜.

đđžđ„đąđžđŸ 𝐱𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐃𝐱𝐯𝐱𝐧𝐞 đ§đšđ­đźđ«đž (đźđ„đšđšđĄđąđČđČ𝐚𝐡): 𝐓𝐡𝐱𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐬 đ›đžđ„đąđžđŻđąđ§đ  𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 đ€đ„đ„đšđĄ 𝐱𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đšđ§đ„đČ 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐖𝐡𝐹 𝐭𝐹 𝐰𝐡𝐹𝐩 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đ©đžđšđ©đ„đž đŹđĄđšđźđ„đ 𝐝𝐞𝐯𝐹𝐭𝐞 đ­đĄđžđąđ« đ°đšđ«đđŹ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐱𝐹𝐧𝐬, 𝐛𝐹𝐭𝐡 đąđ§đ°đšđ«đ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 đšđźđ­đ°đšđ«đ. 𝐒𝐹 𝐧𝐹𝐧𝐞 𝐱𝐬 𝐭𝐹 𝐛𝐞 đ°đšđ«đŹđĄđąđ©đ©đžđ 𝐛𝐼𝐭 𝐇𝐱𝐩, 𝐩𝐚đČ 𝐇𝐞 𝐛𝐞 đ đ„đšđ«đąđŸđąđžđ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 đžđ±đšđ„đ­đžđ.

đđžđ„đąđžđŸ 𝐱𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 đšđ­đ­đ«đąđ›đźđ­đžđŹ 𝐹𝐟 đ€đ„đ„đšđĄ (đšđ„-𝐚𝐬𝐩𝐚’ đ°đšâ€™đ„-𝐬𝐱𝐟𝐚𝐚𝐭): 𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐜𝐡 𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐬 đšđŸđŸđąđ«đŠđąđ§đ  𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 đ€đ„đ„đšđĄ 𝐡𝐚𝐬 đšđŸđŸđąđ«đŠđžđ đŸđšđ« đ‡đąđŠđŹđžđ„đŸ 𝐹𝐟 𝐧𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 đšđ­đ­đ«đąđ›đźđ­đžđŹ, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐧đČ𝐱𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧đČ đšđ­đ­đ«đąđ›đźđ­đžđŹ 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 đ€đ„đ„đšđĄ 𝐡𝐚𝐬 𝐬𝐚𝐱𝐝 đšđ«đž 𝐧𝐹𝐭 𝐇𝐱𝐬, 𝐰𝐱𝐭𝐡𝐹𝐼𝐭 𝐝𝐞𝐧đČ𝐱𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧đČ 𝐹𝐟 𝐇𝐱𝐬 đšđ­đ­đ«đąđ›đźđ­đžđŹ đšđ« đ„đąđ€đžđ§đąđ§đ  𝐚𝐧đČ 𝐹𝐟 𝐇𝐱𝐬 đšđ­đ­đ«đąđ›đźđ­đžđŹ 𝐭𝐹 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đšđ­đ­đ«đąđ›đźđ­đžđŹ 𝐹𝐟 𝐚𝐧đČ 𝐹𝐟 𝐇𝐱𝐬 đœđ«đžđšđ­đąđšđ§.

đ…đšđźđ«đ­đĄđ„đČ:

𝐓𝐡𝐞 đŹđœđĄđšđ„đšđ«đŹâ€™ 𝐝𝐱𝐯𝐱𝐝𝐱𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 𝐱𝐧𝐭𝐹 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐞 đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđžđŹ 𝐱𝐬 𝐧𝐹𝐭𝐡𝐱𝐧𝐠 𝐧𝐞𝐰, đ«đšđ­đĄđžđ« 𝐱𝐭 𝐰𝐚𝐬 đ€đ§đšđ°đ§ 𝐱𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đ­đĄđąđ«đ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 đŸđšđźđ«đ­đĄ đœđžđ§đ­đźđ«đąđžđŹ 𝐀𝐇, 𝐚𝐬 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐱𝐹𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐛đČ 𝐒𝐡𝐚đČđ€đĄ đđšđ€đ« 𝐀𝐛𝐼 𝐙𝐚đČ𝐝, 𝐚 đŠđžđŠđ›đžđ« 𝐹𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đ‚đšđźđ§đœđąđ„ 𝐹𝐟 đ’đžđ§đąđšđ« đ’đœđĄđšđ„đšđ«đŹ, 𝐱𝐧 𝐡𝐱𝐬 đ›đšđšđ€ đšđ„-𝐑𝐚𝐝𝐝 â€˜đšđ„đš đšđ„-đŒđźđ€đĄđšđšđ„đąđŸ. 𝐓𝐡𝐱𝐬 đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđłđšđ­đąđšđ§ 𝐰𝐚𝐬 đšđ„đŹđš đ§đšđ«đ«đšđ­đžđ đŸđ«đšđŠ 𝐈𝐛𝐧 đ‰đšđ«đžđžđ« đšđ„-đ“đšđ›đšđ«đą 𝐚𝐧𝐝 đšđ­đĄđžđ« đŹđœđĄđšđ„đšđ«đŹ.

𝐍𝐹𝐭𝐞: 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đȘđźđžđŹđ­đąđšđ§đžđ« 𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐱𝐹𝐧𝐞𝐝, 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐒𝐡𝐚đČđ€đĄ đšđ„-đˆđŹđ„đšđŠ 𝐈𝐛𝐧 𝐓𝐚đČ𝐩𝐱đČ𝐚𝐡 𝐝𝐱𝐯𝐱𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 𝐱𝐧𝐭𝐹 𝐭𝐰𝐹 đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđžđŹ – 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 đšđ„-𝐑𝐼𝐛𝐹𝐹𝐛𝐱đČđČ𝐚𝐡 (𝐎𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐹𝐟 𝐝𝐱𝐯𝐱𝐧𝐞 đ‹đšđ«đđŹđĄđąđ©) 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 đšđ„-𝐀𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐚’ đ°đšâ€™đ„-𝐒𝐱𝐟𝐚𝐚𝐭 (𝐎𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐹𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐱𝐯𝐱𝐧𝐞 𝐧𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 đšđ­đ­đ«đąđ›đźđ­đžđŹ) – 𝐱𝐬 𝐧𝐹𝐭 đœđšđ«đ«đžđœđ­. đ‘đšđ­đĄđžđ« 𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐱𝐯𝐱𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐱𝐭 𝐱𝐧𝐭𝐹 𝐭𝐰𝐹 đœđšđ­đžđ đšđ«đąđžđŹ 𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐜𝐡 đ°đžđ«đž 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 đšđ„-đŒđšâ€™đ«đąđŸđšđĄ đ°đšâ€™đ„-𝐈𝐭𝐡𝐛𝐚𝐚𝐭 (𝐎𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐹𝐟 đ€đ§đšđ°đ„đžđđ đž 𝐚𝐧𝐝 đšđŸđŸđąđ«đŠđšđ­đąđšđ§) 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 đšđ„-𝐐𝐚𝐬𝐝 đ°đšâ€™đ„-đ“đšđ„đšđ› (𝐎𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐹𝐟 𝐹𝐛𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐱𝐩), 𝐭𝐡𝐞 đŸđąđ«đŹđ­ 𝐹𝐟 𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐜𝐡 đąđ§đœđ„đźđđžđŹ 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 đšđ„-𝐑𝐼𝐛𝐹𝐹𝐛𝐱đČđČ𝐚𝐡 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐓𝐚𝐰𝐡𝐱𝐝 đšđ„-𝐀𝐬𝐩𝐚’ đ°đšâ€™đ„-𝐒𝐱𝐟𝐚𝐚𝐭.

𝐒𝐞𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐣𝐩𝐹𝐹’ đšđ„-𝐅𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐰𝐚, 𝟏𝟓/𝟏𝟔𝟒; đšđ„-𝐅𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐰𝐚 đšđ„-đŠđźđ›đ«đš, 𝟓/𝟐𝟓𝟎

𝐀𝐧𝐝 đ€đ„đ„đšđĄ đ€đ§đšđ°đŹ 𝐛𝐞𝐬𝐭.

đ‘đžđŸđžđ«đžđ§đœđžđŹ:

What Is the Meaning of Tawhid (Islamic Monotheism?

What Are the Pillars of Islam?

The Oneness of Allah

Definition and Meaning of Islam

Divine Attributes Explained: Affirming Allah’s Hands in Quran and Hadith While Avoiding Anthropomorphism

Oneness= Tawhid of Almighty Allah versus using words such as unity or unification instead?

What Is the Meaning of Tawhid (Islamic Monotheism?

The divine attributes are to be affirmed in a literal sense, not metaphorical

Asma Wa Sifaat (The Names and Attributes of Allah)

How can Islamic monotheism (Tawhid in Arabic) be achieved and what is the promised reward?

The meaning of Islamic Monotheism (Monotheism=Tawhid in Arabic) and its categories

Dividing Tawhid into categories

Almighty Allah Attributes as per some Authentic hadith, are they contradictory, how can we understand them?

What Is Tawhid Al-Rububiyyah?

Does Allah have hadd= a limit?

How Close Is Allah

Approach of the four imams regarding the divine attributes, and some books to refer to concerning that

Who are the Ash‘aris? Are they among Ahl as-Sunnah?

Differences between Maturidis and Ahl as-Sunnah

Does Allah exist in a place? A man in the sky?

Evidence that Allah is Exalted, High Above His Creation and Above the Heavens

Is it acceptable to say that Allah is beyond place and time?

Allah is Above His Throne and He is Close to us by His Knowledge

Approach of the four imams regarding the divine attributes, and some books to refer to concerning that

Transcendency of Allah in Islam

Al-Aqidah al-Wasitiyyah=The Fundamental Beliefs of Islam and Rejection of False Concepts of its Opponents by Ibn Taymiyyah

Explanation of “Allah created Adam in His own image” – Imam Ibn Baaz

What Does The Narration “Allah created Adam In His/his Image” Mean?

Meaning of the hadeeth which says that Allah created Adam in His Image

Atheism

The False Apostle of Satan

Al-Jahmiyyah ( Ű§Ù„ŰŹÙ‡Ù…ÙŠŰ©)

The creed of Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jamaa’ah in regard to Allaah’s Names and Attributes – Shaykh Uthaymeen

Important Principles concerning Allaah’s Names & Attributes : Imaam Ibn Uthaimeen

The creed of Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jamaa’ah in regard to Allaah’s Names and Attributes

Interpreting Allaah’s Attributes

The Lost Torah

The Corruption of the Torah

Corruption of the Tawraat (Torah) and Injeel(Gospel)

Does the Original Gospel Exist Today?

Wisdom Behind Distortion of the Gospel

The Myth of God Incarnate

God’s Incarnation in Ancient Pagan Religions