ðð¬ð¥ððŠ ðšð§ ððð©ð
Mohamad Mostafa Nassar
Twitter:@NassarMohamadMR
ðð§ð ðšð ðð¡ð ðŠð¢ð¬ððšð§ððð©ðð¢ðšð§ð¬ ðððšð®ð ðð¬ð¥ððŠ ð¢ð¬ ðð¡ðð ð ð«ðð©ð ð¯ð¢ððð¢ðŠ ð ððð¬ ð©ð®ð§ð¢ð¬ð¡ðð, ð°ð¡ð¢ð¥ð ðð¡ð ð«ðð©ð¢ð¬ð ð ððð¬ ð®ð§ð©ð®ð§ð¢ð¬ð¡ðð ðð§ð ððð§ ð°ðð¥ð€ ðð°ðð² ðð«ðð. ðð ð¢ð¬ ðð¬ð¬ð®ðŠðð ðð² ð¬ðšðŠð ðð¡ðð ðŠðð§ ð¢ð§ ðð¬ð¥ððŠ ððð§ ððšðŠðŠð¢ð ð«ðð©ð ð°ð¢ðð¡ ð¢ðŠð©ð®ð§ð¢ðð². ðð§ðšðð¡ðð« ð¥ð¢ð ðð§ðð¢-ðð®ð¬ð¥ð¢ðŠ ð©ð«ðšð©ðð ðð§ðð¢ð¬ðð¬ ð¬ð©ð«ððð ð¢ð¬ ðð¡ðð ð ð¯ð¢ððð¢ðŠ ð°ð¡ðš ð¡ðð¬ ðððð§ ð«ðð©ðð ð¡ðð¬ ððš ð©ð«ðšðð®ðð ððšð®ð« ð°ð¢ðð§ðð¬ð¬ðð¬ ð¢ð§ ðšð«ððð« ððšð« ðð¡ð ð«ðð©ð¢ð¬ð ððš ð ðð ððšð§ð¯ð¢ðððð ðð§ð ð©ð®ð§ð¢ð¬ð¡ðð.
ðð«ð¢ðð¢ðð¬ ð¡ðð¯ð ð§ðð¯ðð« ð©ð«ðšðð®ððð ðð§ð² ðð¯ð¢ððð§ðð, ðð¢ðð¡ðð« ðð«ðšðŠ ðð¡ð ðð®ð«ðð§ ðšð« ðððð¢ðð¡ ðð§ð²ð°ð¡ðð«ð ð¢ð§ðð¢ðððð¢ð§ð ðð¡ðð ðð¡ðð«ð ð¡ðð¬ ððš ðð ððšð®ð« ðð²ð-ð°ð¢ðð§ðð¬ð¬ðð¬ ððšð« ð ð«ðð©ð¢ð¬ð ððš ð ðð ð©ð®ð§ð¢ð¬ð¡ðð. ðð¡ð ðšð§ð¥ð² ðð¢ðŠð ð°ð¡ðð§ ðð¡ðð«ð ð¡ðð¬ ððš ðð ððšð®ð« ðð²ð-ð°ð¢ðð§ðð¬ð¬ðð¬ ð§ððððð ð¢ð¬ ððšð« ððð®ð¥ððð«ð², ðð§ð ðð¡ð¢ð¬ ð¢ð¬ ð©ð«ðððð¢ððð¥ð¥ð² ð¢ðŠð©ðšð¬ð¬ð¢ðð¥ð ððš ððšð§ð¯ð¢ðð ðð§ð²ðšð§ð ð°ð¢ðð¡.
ðð¡ð ðð«ðšð©ð¡ðð (ð©) ð¬ððšð§ðð ð ðŠðð§ ð°ð¡ðš ð¡ðð ð«ðð©ðð ð ð°ðšðŠðð§. ðð¡ð¢ð¬ ð¢ð¬ ð«ðð©ðšð«ððð ð¢ð§ ðððŠð¢` ðð-ðð¢ð«ðŠð¢ðð¡ð¢. ðð¡ð ðð¡ðð©ððð« ðšð ðð¡ð ð§ðð«ð«ððð¢ðšð§ ð ðšðð¬ ð¥ð¢ð€ð, âð°ðšðŠðð§ ð°ð¡ðš ð¢ð¬ ððšð«ððð ððš ððšðŠðŠð¢ð ððð®ð¥ððð«ð²â ð¢.ð., ð«ðð©ð:
âð ð°ðšðŠðð§ ð°ðð§ð ðšð®ð ðð®ð«ð¢ð§ð ðð¡ð ðð¢ðŠð ðšð ðð¡ð ðð«ðšð©ð¡ðð ððš ð ðš ððš ððð¥ðð, ðð®ð ð¬ð¡ð ð°ðð¬ ððð®ð ð¡ð ðð² ð ðŠðð§ ðð§ð ð¡ð ð¡ðð ð«ðð¥ððð¢ðšð§ð¬ ð°ð¢ðð¡ ð¡ðð«, ð¬ðš ð¬ð¡ð ð¬ðð«ðððŠðð ðð§ð ð¡ð ð¥ððð. ðð¡ðð§ ð ðŠðð§ ðððŠð ððð«ðšð¬ð¬ ð¡ðð« ðð§ð ð¬ð¡ð ð¬ðð¢ð: âðð¡ðð ðŠðð§ ð¡ðð¬ ððšð§ð ðð¡ð¢ð¬ ðð§ð ðð¡ðð ððš ðŠðâ, ðð¡ðð§ ð¬ð¡ð ðððŠð ððð«ðšð¬ð¬ ð ð ð«ðšð®ð© ðšð ððŠð¢ð ð«ðð§ðð¬ (ðð®ð¡ðð£ð¢ð«ð¢ð§) ðð§ð ð¬ð¡ð ð¬ðð¢ð: â
ðð¡ðð ðŠðð§ ðð¢ð ðð¡ð¢ð¬ ðð§ð ðð¡ðð ððš ðŠð.â ðð¡ðð² ð°ðð§ð ððš ð ðð ðð¡ð ðŠðð§ ð¬ð¡ð ðð¡ðšð®ð ð¡ð ð¡ðð ð«ðð¥ððð¢ðšð§ð¬ ð°ð¢ðð¡ ð¡ðð«, ðð§ð ðð¡ðð² ðð«ðšð®ð ð¡ð ð¡ð¢ðŠ ððš ð¡ðð«. ðð¡ð ð¬ðð¢ð: âððð¬, ðð¡ððâð¬ ð¡ð¢ðŠ.â ððš ðð¡ðð² ðð«ðšð®ð ð¡ð ð¡ð¢ðŠ ððš ðð¡ð ððð¬ð¬ðð§ð ðð« ðšð ðð¥ð¥ðð¡, ðð§ð ð°ð¡ðð§ ð¡ð ðšð«ððð«ðð ðð¡ðð ð¡ð ðð ð¬ððšð§ðð, ðð¡ð ðŠðð§ ð°ð¡ðš ð¡ðð ð«ðð¥ððð¢ðšð§ð¬ ð°ð¢ðð¡ ð¡ðð«, ð¬ðð¢ð: âð ððð¬ð¬ðð§ð ðð« ðšð ðð¥ð¥ðð¡, ð ððŠ ðð¡ð ðšð§ð ð°ð¡ðš ð¡ðð ð«ðð¥ððð¢ðšð§ð¬ ð°ð¢ðð¡ ð¡ðð«.â
ððš ð¡ð ð¬ðð¢ð ððš ð¡ðð«: âððš, ððšð« ðð¥ð¥ðð¡ ð¡ðð¬ ððšð«ð ð¢ð¯ðð§ ð²ðšð®.â ðð¡ðð§ ð¡ð ð¬ðð¢ð ð¬ðšðŠð ð§ð¢ðð ð°ðšð«ðð¬ ððš ðð¡ð ðŠðð§ (ð°ð¡ðš ð°ðð¬ ðð«ðšð®ð ð¡ð). ðð§ð ð¡ð ð¬ðð¢ð ððš ðð¡ð ðŠðð§ ð°ð¡ðš ð¡ðð ð«ðð¥ððð¢ðšð§ð¬ ð°ð¢ðð¡ ð¡ðð«: âðððšð§ð ð¡ð¢ðŠ.â ðð¡ðð§ ð¡ð ð¬ðð¢ð: âðð ð¡ðð¬ ð«ðð©ðð§ððð ð ð«ðð©ðð§ððð§ðð ðð¡ðð, ð¢ð ðð¡ð ð¢ð§ð¡ððð¢ððð§ðð¬ ðšð ðð¥-ðððð¢ð§ðð¡ ð¡ðð ð«ðð©ðð§ððð ð°ð¢ðð¡, ð¢ð ð°ðšð®ð¥ð ð¡ðð¯ð ðððð§ ððððð©ððð ðð«ðšðŠ ðð¡ððŠ.’â (ðððŠð¢â ðð-ðð¢ð«ðŠð¢ðð¡ð¢ ð¯ðšð¥ð®ðŠð ð, ððšðšð€ ðð, ðððð¢ðð¡ ðððð [ðððð¢ðð¡ ð¢ð¬ ððð¬ðð§ â ððð«ð«ð®ð¬ðð¥ðððŠ])
ðð§ ð¢ð¬ ð«ðð©ðšð«ððð ð¢ð§ ðð®ð°ðððð ððŠððŠ ððð¥ð¢ð€ ðð¡ðð ð ð¬ð¥ðð¯ð ð°ð¡ðš ð°ðð¬ ð¢ð§ ðð¡ðð«ð ð ðšð ðšðð¡ðð« ð¬ð¥ðð¯ðð¬, ð¡ð ððšð«ððð ð ð¬ð¥ðð¯ð-ð ð¢ð«ð¥ ððŠðšð§ð ðð¡ð ð¬ð¥ðð¯ðð¬ ð°ð¡ðš ð¡ð ð°ðð¬ ð¢ð§ ðð¡ðð«ð ð ðšð, ð¡ð ð¡ðð ððšð«ððð ð¢ð§ððð«ððšð®ð«ð¬ð ð°ð¢ðð¡ ð¡ðð«. ðð¡ðð§ ðð¡ð ððšðŠð©ðð§ð¢ðšð§ ðšð ðð«ðšð©ð¡ðð ðð®ð¡ððŠðŠðð (ð©), ððŠðð« ððð§ ðð¡ððððð ððšð®ð§ð ðšð®ð ð°ð¡ðð ð¡ðð ð¡ðð©ð©ðð§ðð, ð¡ð ð¡ðð ðð¡ð ð¬ð¥ðð¯ð ð°ð¡ðš ð«ðð©ðð ðð¡ð ð ð¢ð«ð¥ ððš ðð ðð¥ðšð ð ðð ðð§ð ðð¡ð ð¯ð¢ððð¢ðŠ ð°ðð¥ð€ ðð°ðð² ð°ð¢ðð¡ðšð®ð ð ðððð¢ð§ð ð©ð®ð§ð¢ð¬ð¡ðð:
ððð¥ð¢ð€ ð«ðð¥ðððð ððš ðŠð ðð«ðšðŠ ðððð¢ ðð¡ðð ð ð¬ð¥ðð¯ð ð°ðð¬ ð¢ð§ ðð¡ðð«ð ð ðšð ðð¡ð ð¬ð¥ðð¯ðð¬ ð¢ð§ ðð¡ð ð€ð¡ð®ðŠð®ð¬ ðð§ð ð¡ð ððšð«ððð ð ð¬ð¥ðð¯ð-ð ð¢ð«ð¥ ððŠðšð§ð ðð¡ðšð¬ð ð¬ð¥ðð¯ðð¬ ðð ðð¢ð§ð¬ð ð¡ðð« ð°ð¢ð¥ð¥ ðð§ð ð¡ðð ð¢ð§ððð«ððšð®ð«ð¬ð ð°ð¢ðð¡ ð¡ðð«. ððŠðð« ð¢ðð§ ðð¥-ðð¡ððððð ð¡ðð ð¡ð¢ðŠ ðð¥ðšð ð ðð ðð§ð ððð§ð¢ð¬ð¡ðð ð¡ð¢ðŠ, ðð§ð ð¡ð ðð¢ð ð§ðšð ðð¥ðšð ðð¡ð ð¬ð¥ðð¯ð-ð ð¢ð«ð¥ ððððð®ð¬ð ðð¡ð ð¬ð¥ðð¯ð ð¡ðð ððšð«ððð ð¡ðð«. (ðð®ð°ðððð ððŠððŠ ððð¥ð¢ð€: ðð®ðð®ð: ððšðšð€ ðð, ðððð¢ðð¡ ðð)
ðð¬ ð°ð ð¬ðð ðð«ðšðŠ ðð¡ð ðððð¢ðð¡ ðð¥ð«ðððð² ð¬ð¡ðšð°ð§, ð¢ðâð¬ ðð¯ð¢ððð§ð ðð¡ðð ð ð¯ð¢ððð¢ðŠ ððšðð¬ ð§ðšð ð ðð ð©ð®ð§ð¢ð¬ð¡ðð. ðð¡ð ðð¬ð¬ð®ðŠð©ðð¢ðšð§ ðð² ðð§ðð¢-ðð¬ð¥ððŠ ðð¯ð¢ð¥ ðŠð¢ð¬ðð¡ð¢ðð ðŠðð€ðð«ð¬ ðð¡ðð ðð¡ð ð¯ð¢ððð¢ðŠ ð ððð¬ ðð¥ðšð ð ðð ððððð®ð¬ð ð¬ð¡ð ð«ðð©ðšð«ðð¬ ððð¢ð§ð ð«ðð©ðð ð¢ð¬ ððð¥ð¬ð. ðð¡ð ðšð§ð¥ð² ð©ðð«ð¬ðšð§ ðð¡ðð ð ððð¬ ð©ð®ð§ð¢ð¬ð¡ðð ð¢ð ððšð®ð§ð ððš ðð ð ð®ð¢ð¥ðð², ð¢ð¬ ðð¡ð ð«ðð©ð¢ð¬ð. ðð§ ðð§ðšðð¡ðð« ð¡ððð¢ðð¡ ðð¡ð ð¡ððð ðšð ððððð, ðð¡ð ð«ð®ð¥ðð« ðšð ðð¡ð ðð®ð¬ð¥ð¢ðŠð¬ ððð ðð¥-ððð¥ð¢ð€ ð¢ðð§ ððð«ð°ðð§ (ððð¡ ððð¥ð¢ð©ð¡) ð ðð¯ð ð£ð®ðð ðŠðð§ð ðšð§ ð ð«ðð©ð¢ð¬ð:
ððð¥ð¢ð€ ð«ðð¥ðððð ððš ðŠð ðð«ðšðŠ ððð§ ðð¡ð¢ð¡ðð ðð¡ðð ððð ðð¥-ððð¥ð¢ð€ ð¢ðð§ ððð«ð°ðð§ ð ðð¯ð ð ð£ð®ðð ððŠðð§ð ðð¡ðð ðð¡ð ð«ðð©ð¢ð¬ð ð¡ðð ððš ð©ðð² ðð¡ð ð«ðð©ðð ð°ðšðŠðð§ ð¡ðð« ðð«ð¢ðð- ð©ð«ð¢ðð. ððð¡ð²ð ð¬ðð¢ð ðð¡ðð ð¡ð ð¡ððð«ð ððð¥ð¢ð€ ð¬ðð², âðð¡ðð ð¢ð¬ ððšð§ð ð¢ð§ ðšð®ð« ððšðŠðŠð®ð§ð¢ðð² ðððšð®ð ðð¡ð ðŠðð§ ð°ð¡ðš ð«ðð©ðð¬ ð ð°ðšðŠðð§, ð¯ð¢ð«ð ð¢ð§ ðšð« ð§ðšð§-ð¯ð¢ð«ð ð¢ð§, ð¢ð ð¬ð¡ð ð¢ð¬ ðð«ðð, ð¢ð¬ ðð¡ðð ð¡ð ðŠð®ð¬ð ð©ðð² ðð¡ð ðð«ð¢ðð-ð©ð«ð¢ðð ðšð ðð¡ð ð¥ð¢ð€ð ðšð ð¡ðð«.
ðð ð¬ð¡ð ð¢ð¬ ð ð¬ð¥ðð¯ð, ð¡ð ðŠð®ð¬ð ð©ðð² ð°ð¡ðð ð¡ð ð¡ðð¬ ðð¢ðŠð¢ð§ð¢ð¬ð¡ðð ðšð ð¡ðð« ð°ðšð«ðð¡. ðð¡ð ð¡ððð-ð©ð®ð§ð¢ð¬ð¡ðŠðð§ð ð¢ð§ ð¬ð®ðð¡ ððð¬ðð¬ ð¢ð¬ ðð©ð©ð¥ð¢ðð ððš ðð¡ð ð«ðð©ð¢ð¬ð, ðð§ð ðð¡ðð«ð ð¢ð¬ ð§ðš ð©ð®ð§ð¢ð¬ð¡ðŠðð§ð ðð©ð©ð¥ð¢ðð ððš ðð¡ð ð«ðð©ðð ð°ðšðŠðð§.â (ðð®ð°ðððð ððŠððŠ ððð¥ð¢ð€ ðð®ðð ððŠðð§ðð¬: ððšðšð€ ðð, ðððð¢ðð¡ ðð)
ð ð«ðšðŠ ðð¡ð ðððšð¯ð ðð®ðð¡ðð§ðð¢ð ðð¡ððð¢ðð¡, ð°ð ð¬ðð ðð¥ððð« ðð¯ð¢ððð§ðð ðð¡ðð ðð¡ð ð«ðð©ð¢ð¬ð ð ððð¬ ð©ð®ð§ð¢ð¬ð¡ðð ðð§ð ðð¡ðð«ð ð¢ð¬ ð§ðš ð©ð®ð§ð¢ð¬ð¡ðŠðð§ð ððšð« ðð¡ð ð¯ð¢ððð¢ðŠ. ððšð® ð°ðšð®ð¥ð ð¡ðð¯ð ðð¥ð¬ðš ð§ðšðð¢ððð ð¢ð§ ðð¡ð ðððšð¯ð ðððð¢ðð¡ ðð¡ðð ðð¡ð ð«ðð©ð¢ð¬ð ð¡ðð ððš ð©ðð² ððšðŠð©ðð§ð¬ððð¢ðšð§ ððš ðð¡ð ð¯ð¢ððð¢ðŠ.
ðð¥ð¢ð¯ðð« ððððŠðð§ ð°ð¡ðš ð¢ð¬ ð ðð«ðšððð¬ð¬ðšð« ðšð ðð¡ð¢ð¥ðšð¬ðšð©ð¡ð² ðð§ð ððð§ðð€ðð« ðð«ðšððð¬ð¬ðšð« ðšð ðð®ððð¢ð ððð®ðð¢ðð¬ ðð ðð¡ð ðð§ð¢ð¯ðð«ð¬ð¢ðð² ðšð ððð§ðð®ðð€ð² ð«ðð¢ððð«ðððð¬ ð°ð¡ðð ð ðŠðð§ðð¢ðšð§ðð ðð ðð¡ð ð¬ððð«ð ðšð ðð¡ð¢ð¬ ðð«ðð¢ðð¥ð ðð¡ðð ðð¡ð ðšð§ð¥ð² ðð¢ðŠð ð°ð¡ðð§ ðð¡ðð«ð ð¢ð¬ ððšð®ð« ð°ð¢ðð§ðð¬ð¬ðð¬ ð§ððððð ð¢ð¬ ððšð« ððð®ð¥ððð«ð²:
âðð«ð¢ðð¢ðð¬ ðð¥ð¬ðš ð©ðšð¢ð§ð ððš ðð¡ð ð¥ððð€ ðšð ððªð®ðð¥ ð©ð«ðšððððð¢ðšð§ ððšð« ð¯ð¢ððð¢ðŠð¬ ðšð ð«ðð©ð ð¢ð§ ðð®ð¬ð¥ð¢ðŠ ððšð®ð§ðð«ð¢ðð¬ ðð¡ðð ððšð¥ð¥ðšð° ðð¡ðð«ð¢ð. ðð¡ðð² ðð¥ð¥ðð ð ðð¡ðð ð¢ð ð¢ð¬ ð¢ðŠð©ðšð¬ð¬ð¢ðð¥ð ððš ð©ð«ðšð¯ð ð«ðð©ð. ð ðšð« ð©ð®ð«ð©ðšð¬ðð¬ ðšð ðð¡ð¢ð¬ ðð¢ð¬ðð®ð¬ð¬ð¢ðšð§, ð¢ð ð¢ð¬ ð¢ðŠð©ðšð«ððð§ð ððš ð§ðšðð ðð¡ðð ðð¡ð ðð¡ðð«ð¢ð ðŠðð€ðð¬ ð ðð¢ð¬ðð¢ð§ððð¢ðšð§ ðððð°ððð§ ððð®ð¥ððð«ð² ðð§ð ð«ðð©ð ðð§ð ðð©ð©ð¥ð¢ðð¬ ðð¢ðððð«ðð§ð ð«ð®ð¥ðð¬.
ðð¬ ðð¡ð ðð®ð«ðð§ ðð¥ððð«ð¥ð² ð¬ððððð¬, ðð¡ð ð©ð«ðšðšð ðð¡ðð ððð®ð¥ððð«ð² ð¡ðð¬ ðšððð®ð«ð«ðð ð«ððªð®ð¢ð«ðð¬ ððšð®ð« ðð²ð-ð°ð¢ðð§ðð¬ð¬ðð¬ ððš ðð¡ð ððð, ð°ð¡ð¢ðð¡ ðŠð®ð¬ð ð¡ðð¯ð ðððð§ ððšðŠðŠð¢ðððð ðð² ð ðŠðð§ ðð§ð ð ð°ðšðŠðð§ ð§ðšð ð¯ðð¥ð¢ðð¥ð² ðŠðð«ð«ð¢ðð ððš ðšð§ð ðð§ðšðð¡ðð«, ðð§ð ðð¡ð ððð ðŠð®ð¬ð ð¡ðð¯ð ðððð§ ð°ð¢ð¥ðð®ð¥ð¥ð² ððšðŠðŠð¢ðððð ðð² ððšð§ð¬ðð§ðð¢ð§ð ððð®ð¥ðð¬. ðð«ðšðšð ððð§ ðð¥ð¬ðš ðð ððððð«ðŠð¢ð§ðð ðð² ð ððšð§ððð¬ð¬ð¢ðšð§.
ðð®ð ðð¡ð¢ð¬ ððšð§ððð¬ð¬ð¢ðšð§ ðŠð®ð¬ð ðð ð¯ðšð¥ð®ð§ððð«ð², ðð§ð ððð¬ðð ðšð§ ð¥ðð ðð¥ ððšð®ð§ð¬ðð¥; ð¢ð ðŠð®ð¬ð ðð ð«ðð©ððððð ðšð§ ððšð®ð« ð¬ðð©ðð«ððð ðšðððð¬ð¢ðšð§ð¬, ðð§ð ðŠððð ðð² ð ð©ðð«ð¬ðšð§ ð°ð¡ðš ð¢ð¬ ð¬ðð§ð. ð ð®ð«ðð¡ðð«ðŠðšð«ð, ðð¡ðšð¬ð ð°ð¡ðš ðð«ð¢ð§ð ð ðð¡ðð«ð ð ðšð ððð®ð¥ððð«ð² ðð ðð¢ð§ð¬ð ðð§ ð¢ð§ðð¢ð¯ð¢ðð®ðð¥ ðŠð®ð¬ð ð©ð«ðšð¯ð¢ðð ððšð®ð« ðð²ð-ð°ð¢ðð§ðð¬ð¬ðð¬. ððð¡ðð«ð°ð¢ð¬ð, ðð¡ð ðððð®ð¬ðð« ð¢ð¬ ðð¡ðð§ ððððšð«ððð ð ð¬ðð§ððð§ðð ððšð« ðððððŠððð¢ðšð§ (ð°ð¡ð¢ðð¡ ðŠððð§ð¬ ðð¥ðšð ð ð¢ð§ð ðšð« ð ð©ð«ð¢ð¬ðšð§ ð¬ðð§ððð§ðð), ðð§ð ð¡ð¢ð¬ ðšð« ð¡ðð« ððð¬ðð¢ðŠðšð§ð² ð¢ð¬ ðð±ðð¥ð®ððð ð¢ð§ ðð¥ð¥ ðð®ðð®ð«ð ððšð®ð«ð ððð¬ðð¬.
ðð¡ð®ð¬ ð¢ð ð¢ð¬ ðð¥ððð« ðð¡ðð ðð¡ð ð«ððªð®ð¢ð«ðð ððð¬ðð¢ðŠðšð§ð² ðšð ððšð®ð« ðŠðð¥ð ð°ð¢ðð§ðð¬ð¬ðð¬ ð¡ðð¯ð¢ð§ð ð¬ððð§ ðð¡ð ðððð®ðð¥ ð©ðð§ððð«ððð¢ðšð§ ðð©ð©ð¥ð¢ðð¬ ððš ð¢ð¥ð¥ð¢ðð¢ð ð¬ðð±ð®ðð¥ ð«ðð¥ððð¢ðšð§ð¬, ð§ðšð ððš ð«ðð©ð. ðð¡ð ð«ððªð®ð¢ð«ððŠðð§ðð¬ ððšð« ð©ð«ðšðšð ðšð ð«ðð©ð ðð«ð ð¥ðð¬ð¬ ð¬ðð«ð¢ð§ð ðð§ð.
ððð©ð ðð¡ðð«ð ðð¬ ððð§ ðð ðð«ðšð®ð ð¡ð ðð§ð ð ððð¬ð ð©ð«ðšð¯ðð§ ððð¬ðð ðšð§ ðð¡ð ð¬ðšð¥ð ððð¬ðð¢ðŠðšð§ð² ðšð ðð¡ð ð¯ð¢ððð¢ðŠ, ð©ð«ðšð¯ð¢ðð¢ð§ð ðð¡ðð ðð¢ð«ðð®ðŠð¬ððð§ðð¢ðð¥ ðð¯ð¢ððð§ðð ð¬ð®ð©ð©ðšð«ðð¬ ðð¡ð ðð¥ð¥ðð ððð¢ðšð§ð¬. ðð ð¢ð¬ ðð¡ðð¬ð ð¬ðð«ð¢ðð ðð«ð¢ððð«ð¢ð ðšð ð©ð«ðšðšð ð°ð¡ð¢ðð¡ ð¥ðððð¬ ððš ðð¡ð ðð«ððªð®ðð§ð ðšðð¬ðð«ð¯ððð¢ðšð§ ðð¡ðð ð°ð¡ðð«ð ð¢ð§ð£ð®ð¬ðð¢ðð ðð ðð¢ð§ð¬ð ð°ðšðŠðð§ ððšðð¬ ðšððð®ð«, ð¢ð ð¢ð¬ ð§ðšð ððððð®ð¬ð ðšð ðð¬ð¥ððŠð¢ð ð¥ðð°.
ðð ð¡ðð©ð©ðð§ð¬ ðð¢ðð¡ðð« ðð®ð ððš ðŠð¢ð¬ð¢ð§ððð«ð©ð«ððððð¢ðšð§ ðšð ðð¡ð ð¢ð§ðð«ð¢ðððð¢ðð¬ ðšð ðð¡ð ðð¡ðð«ð¢ð ð¥ðð°ð¬ ð ðšð¯ðð«ð§ð¢ð§ð ðð¡ðð¬ð ðŠððððð«ð¬, ðšð« ð ðð®ð¥ðð®ð«ðð¥ ðð«ððð¢ðð¢ðšð§ð¬; ðšð« ðð®ð ððš ððšð«ð«ð®ð©ðð¢ðšð§ ðð§ð ðð¥ðððð§ð ðð¢ð¬ð«ðð ðð«ð ðšð ðð¡ð ð¥ðð°, ðšð« ð¢ð§ðððð ð¬ðšðŠð ððšðŠðð¢ð§ððð¢ðšð§ ðšð ðð¡ðð¬ð ð©ð¡ðð§ðšðŠðð§ð.â[ð]
ðð ð¢ð¬ ðð¯ð¢ððð§ð ðð«ðšðŠ ðð¡ð ðð¢ðŠð ðšð ðð«ðšð©ð¡ðð ðð®ð¡ððŠðŠðð (ð©), ðð¥ð¥ ðð¡ð ð°ðð² ððš ðð¡ð ððšð¥ð¥ðšð°ðð«ð¬ ðšð ðð¡ð ððšðŠð©ðð§ð¢ðšð§ð¬, ðð¡ðð ðð¡ðð² ð¡ðð¯ð ðð¥ð°ðð²ð¬ ð©ð®ð§ð¢ð¬ð¡ðð ðð¡ðšð¬ð ð°ð¡ðš ð¡ðð ððšð«ððð ð¢ð§ððð«ððšð®ð«ð¬ð ð°ð¢ðð¡ ð ð°ðšðŠðð§. ðð¡ð ðð¬ð¬ð®ðŠð©ðð¢ðšð§ ðð² ðð«ð¢ðð¢ðð¬ ðð¡ðð ðð¡ðð«ð ð¡ðð¬ ððš ðð ððšð®ð« ð°ð¢ðð§ðð¬ð¬ðð¬ ð¢ð§ ðšð«ððð« ððšð« ð ð«ðð©ð¢ð¬ð ððš ð ðð ððšð§ð¯ð¢ðððð ð¢ð¬ ðð§ ðšð®ðð«ð¢ð ð¡ð ð¥ð¢ð, ðð¬ ð¬ð¡ðšð°ð§ ðð¥ð«ðððð².
ð ðšð®ð« ð°ð¢ðð§ðð¬ð¬ðð¬ ðð«ð ð§ðšð ð§ððððð ð°ð¡ðð§ ð¢ð ððšðŠðð¬ ððš ð«ðð©ð, ðð¡ð ðšð§ð¥ð² ðð¢ðŠð ððšð®ð« ð°ð¢ðð§ðð¬ð¬ðð¬ ðð«ð ð§ððððð ð¢ð¬ ððšð« ððð®ð¥ððð«ð². ðð§ ð¥ð¢ð ð¡ð ðšð ðð¡ð ðð¯ð¢ððð§ðð ð¬ð¡ðšð°ð§ ðð¬ð¥ððŠ ððšð«ðð¢ðð¬ ð«ðð©ð, ðð§ð ðð§ð²ðšð§ð ððšð®ð§ð ððš ðð ðð§ð ðð ðð ð¢ð§ ð¬ð®ðð¡ ð®ð§ððð« ðð¬ð¥ððŠð¢ð ð¥ðð°, ð°ðšð®ð¥ð ðð ð©ð®ð§ð¢ð¬ð¡ðð ð¬ðð¯ðð«ðð¥ð². [ð] [ð] [ð] [ð]
ððð¥ðððð ðð«ðð¢ðð¥ðð¬:
One of the misconceptions about Islam is that a rape victim gets punished, while the rapist gets unpunished and can walk away free. It is assumed by some that men in Islam can commit rape with impunity.
ððððð«ðð§ððð¬:
Quran (4:24) (Marrying Slave Women)?
No authentic evidence that slave women used to walk around bare-breasted
Rape & Sex Slaves in the Bible
Biblical Law Permits Rape of Female Captives
Islam Condemns Forceful Coitus
Treatment of Slaves in Islam, Does Islam promote Slavery?
âJordan hangs 15 for rape and terrorism in mass dawn executionâ (*Â *)
âYemeni man publicly executed for raping and murdering four-year-old girl as crowd film on smartphonesâ (* *) August 2017 (The Independent)
() â In Pakistan, a rapist was arrested and convicted on the bases of DNA alone:
âPolice had confirmed on January 13 that the results of DNA tests carried out in the wake of the rape and murder of Zainab in Kasur indicated the involvement of one culprit in at least seven similar cases that occurred in the district over the past year.â â (ââZainabâs murderer has been arrested’â, 23rd January 2018, https://www.dawn.com/news/1384759/zainabs-murderer-has-been-arrested )
() â âDocumentary: Why Do Haryanaâs Old & Young Blame Women for Rape?â (Haryana) (7th April 2018)Â https://www.thequint.com/videos/documentaries/rape-is-consensual-inside-haryanas-rape-culture
Credit to Discover the Truth
Reference:
[1] Controversies in Contemporary Islam by Professor Oliver Leaman page 78
[2] In the following case is of a slave where she was forced to have sexual relations with a man. The criminal was punished, and the victim let go:
âA slave woman who had been forced by a slave man to commit Zina (adultery) were brought to Umar. He beat the man and did not beat the woman.â(Al-Sunan al-Kubra, by al-Bayhaqi, volume 8, page 35. See also, al-Mughni, volume 12, page 217)
[3] A woman was sleeping when she woke up to find out that a man was on top of her. She was let go, since she was innocent:
âA woman who had committed Zina (adultery) was brought to Umar and she said: âI was sleeping and when I woke up there was a man on top of me.â He let her go and did not beat her.â (Al-Sunan al-Kubra, volume 8, page 236. See also, al-Mughni, volume 12, page 218)
[4] Here is a case with Abu Bakr Siddique the first Caliph of Islam, 1400 years ago how he dealt with a rapist and the victim:
أخؚرÙا عؚد اÙرزا٠Ùا٠: أخؚرÙا عؚÙد اÙÙ٠ؚ٠ع٠ر Ø Ø¹Ù ÙاÙع Ùا٠جاء رج٠إÙ٠أؚ٠ؚÙر ÙØ°Ùر ÙÙ Ø Ø£Ù Ø¶ÙÙا Ù٠اÙتض أخت٠استÙرÙÙا عÙÙ ÙÙسÙا Ø ÙسأÙÙ Ùاعتر٠ؚذÙÙ Ø Ùضرؚ٠أؚ٠ؚÙر اÙØد Ø ÙÙÙا٠سÙØ© Ø¥ÙÙ ÙØ¯Ù Ø ÙÙÙ ÙضرؚÙا Ø ÙÙÙ ÙÙÙÙا ÙØ£Ù٠استÙرÙÙا Ø Ø«Ù Ø²ÙجÙا Ø¥Ùا٠أؚ٠ؚÙر Ø ÙأدخÙ٠عÙÙÙا
âA man came to Abu Bakr and told him that one of his guests had coerced, and deflowered his sister. The man was asked about that, and confessed to it. Abu Bakr flogged him with the hadd, and banished him for a year to Fadak.
And he did not flog or banish her, because she was forced.â (Musannaf Abd al-Razzaq, by Abd al-Razzaq al-Sanani (d. 826 CE), Hadith number, 12796, online source, https://library.islamweb.net/NewLibrary/display_book.php?bk_no=73&ID=1476&idfrom=12219&idto=12238&bookid=73&startno=10 )
[5] An incident in Umar Ibn al-Khattabâs lifetime:
âNarrated by Ibn Umar that a man was brought to Umar ibn al-Khattab (the second caliph of Islam) , who forced a woman to be involved in fornication with him (i.e. raped her). He (`Umar) said: âIt is not for this that we have a (peace) treaty with you people! â And he commanded that he was (to be crucified) and he was crucified in Baytul-Maqdas (Jerusalem).â (Mussanaf â Ibn Abi Shaybah volume 11, page 85, Grade, Hasan)