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๐๐ข๐ฅ๐๐ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐๐๐ฒ: ๐๐ฌ๐๐ฅ๐ฆ ๐๐
Mohamad Mostafa Nassar
Twitter:@NassarMohamadMR
Psalm 22 is one of the most popular places to look for the supposed Old Testament prophecies fulfilled by the life of Jesus. Apologists claim that it closely parallels the crucifixion story but was written roughly 1000 years earlier.
The very first verse of this chapter is, โMy God, my God, why have you forsaken me?โ which are the last words of Jesus according to Matthew and Mark.
Verse 7: โAll who see me mock me; they hurl insults, shaking their heads. โHe trusts in the Lord,โ they say, โLet the Lord rescue him.โโ Sure enough, Mark records the onlookers insulting Jesus and mocking his inability to free himself.
Verse 16: โthey have pierced my hands and my feetโ sounds like the crucifixion. This form of execution was practiced by many cultures in the Ancient Near East for centuries before the time of Jesus, but it probably didnโt go back as far as the writing of this psalm. In that case, this verse looks prophetic.
Verse 18: โThey divide my garments among them and cast lots for my clothing,โ as noted in Mark.
A skeptical interpretation
These are some clear parallels, but what best explains thisโthat this ancient psalm really did predict the crucifixion or that the gospel story was deliberately written to mimic a prophecy? The author of Mark was surely familiar with this psalm and couldโve added the distribution of the clothes, the mocking from the crowd, and the last words.
But what about the piercing of the hands and feet? It may not say that. A better translation may be, โlike a lion they pin my hands and feet.โ The NET Bibleโs comment:
The psalmist may envision a lion pinning the hands and feet of its victim to the ground with its paws (a scene depicted in ancient Near Eastern art), or a lion biting the hands and feet.
Make that change and see what verse 16 says:
wild dogs surround meโ
a gang of evil men crowd around me;
like a lion they pin my hands and feet.
No longer do we have a good parallel to the crucifixion story. (Let me note, however, that there are arguments for each interpretation of the verse.)
Letโs reconsider those last words: โMy God, why have you forsaken me?โ Does forsaking Jesus sound like part of Godโs plan? This doesnโt sound like the cool-headed, in-control Jesus written about in Luke and John.
What it sounds like is Gnosticism (not in the Psalm, but when transplanted into the gospels). The Gnostic Gospel of Philip (third century) explains it this way, โโMy God, My God, why, lord, have you forsaken me?โ [Jesus] spoke these words on the cross, for he had left that place.โ That is, Christ the god entered Jesus the man at baptism (remember the dove?) but then abandoned Jesus at the crucifixion.
What about the skipped verses?
Now consider the entire chapter. The apologetic claim rests on picking intriguing little fragments out of context, but taken as a whole this looks even less like the crucifixion story.
Verse 9: โYet you brought me out of the womb; you made me trust in youโโagain, this sounds like an ordinary man. The first person of the Trinity wouldnโt need to make the second person of the Trinity trust him.
Verse 12: โMany bulls surround me; strong bulls of Bashan [a place known for its cattle] encircle me. Roaring lions tearing their prey open their mouths wide against me.โ Bulls and lions? That sounds like martyrdom in an arena, not crucifixion.
Verse 17: โI can count all my bones.โ This unfortunate guy is clearly mistreated, but (again) this isnโt the gospel story.
Verse 20: โDeliver my life from the sword, my precious life from the power of the dogs. Rescue me from the mouth of the lions; save me from the horns of the wild oxen.โ Ditto.
And the biggest problem with shoehorning of Psalm 22 into the gospel story is that thereโs no reference to the resurrection! How can this be the story of the sacrifice of Jesus without the punch line?
Allah knows Best