๐๐ข๐ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐๐ญ ๐๐ฎ๐ก๐๐ฆ๐ฆ๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ฒ ๐๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ ๐ข๐๐ซ๐ข๐ณ๐ ๐๐ข๐๐ฅ๐?? ๐๐ข๐ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐๐ญ ๐๐ฎ๐ก๐๐ฆ๐ฆ๐๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ซ ๐๐ฎ๐ซโ๐๐ง ๐๐จ๐ซ ๐ฐ๐จ๐ซ๐ฅ๐๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ ๐๐ข๐ง๐ฌ?? โ ๐ ๐ซ๐๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ข-๐๐ฌ๐ฅ๐๐ฆ ๐ฅ๐ข๐๐ซ๐ฌ
Mohamad Mostafa Nassar
Twitter:@NassarMohamadMR
๐๐จ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐๐ญ ๐๐ฎ๐ก๐๐ฆ๐ฆ๐๐ (๐ฉ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ ๐ฎ๐ฉ๐จ๐ง ๐ก๐ข๐ฆ=๐ฌ๐๐ฅ๐ฅ๐๐ฅ๐ฅ๐๐๐ก๐ฎ ๐๐ฅ๐๐ฒ๐ก๐ข ๐ฐ๐๐ฌ๐๐ฅ๐ฅ๐๐ฆ) ๐๐๐ฏ๐ ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ข๐๐ฅ๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ข๐๐ ๐ข๐ญ??
๐๐ก๐๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ฏ๐๐ซ๐ฒ ๐ฌ๐ก๐จ๐ซ๐ญ ๐ฏ๐ข๐๐๐จ ๐๐ข๐ซ๐ฌ๐ญ:
๐๐ก๐ฒ ๐ข๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ซ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐๐ญ ๐๐ฎ๐ก๐๐ฆ๐ฆ๐๐ ๐จ๐ซ ๐ญ๐๐๐ฆ๐ฌ ๐จ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐๐๐ซ๐ข๐๐๐ญ๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐ง
Qurโan and the Hadith state that Prophet Muhammad (sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) was Ummi. Qurโan 7:158 states:
[007:158] Say (O Muhammad): O mankind! Lo! I am the messenger of Allah to you all โ (the messenger of) Him unto Whom belongeth the Sovereignty of the heavens and the earth. There is no God save Him. He quickeneth and He giveth death. So believe in Allah and His messenger, the Prophet who can neither read nor write, who believeth in Allah and in His Words, and follow him that happily ye may be led aright. (Pickthall Translation, Quran 7:158)
Pickthall translated the word Ummi as โwho can neither read nor writeโ.
According to Ectaco English-Arabic Online Dictionary (http://www-old.ectaco.com), Arabic word Ummi (ุฃู
ู) means:
โILLITERATE, UNLETTEREDโ
And according to Ectaco English-Arabic Online Dictionary ( http://www-old.ectaco.com), Arabic words for illiterate are:
ุฃู ู ู ููุฑุฃ ูู ููุชุจ, ุฌุงูู,
Qurโan also states that Prophet Muhammed (sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) was illiterate. Qurโan 29:048 says:
[029:048] And thou wast not (able) to recite a Book before this (Book came), nor art thou (able) to transcribe it with thy right hand: In that case, indeed, would the talkers of vanities have doubted. (Yusuf Ali Translation, Qurโan 29:48)
So until that point, we can be sure that Prophet Muhammad (sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) could not read or write. Naturally, if the prophet could read or write then Non-Muslims would have claimed prophet Muhammed as a liar. They would have seen Prophet Muhammad (sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) writing or reading and used that as evidence that he lied in Qurโan 29:48.
Their reaction and refusal to use 29:48 as proof to demonstrate that prophet Muhammad was a liar is solid proof that Prophet Muhammad (sallallaahu alayho wasallam) could really not read nor write and nor could he consequently have read Bible personally.
๐๐ก๐ ๐๐ฅ๐ฅ๐๐ ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐๐ญ ๐๐๐ซ๐๐ช๐ ๐๐๐ง ๐๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ฅ ๐ญ๐๐ฎ๐ ๐ก๐ญ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐๐ญ ๐๐ฎ๐ก๐๐ฆ๐ฆ๐๐
Waraqa was a cousin of Khatija (radhiyallahu anha), first wife of Prophet Muhammed (sallallaahu alayhi wasallam). He was a learned man and was well-versed in New Testament. Some morons assert that Waraqa could have been teaching prophet Muhammad (sallallaahu alayhi wasallam). There are several historical and logical flaws in that assertion.
Sahih bukhari Volume 1, Book 1, Number 3 states:
โโฆWaraqa replied in the affirmative and said, โAnyone (man) who came with something similar to what you have brought was treated with hostility, and if I should remain alive till the day when you will be turned out then I would support you strongly.โ But after a few days Waraqa diedโฆโ (Sahih Bukhari Volume 1, Book 1, Number 3)
Firstly, Waraqa died a few days later after Prophet Muhammad (sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) received the first revelation of the Qurโan. Since Waraqa died after a few days later then he cannot have been the source of the Qurโan, since the Qurโan continued to be revealed continuously up to 23 years after his death. Naturally, since he was dead he could not have been teaching Prophet Muhammad (sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) or been the source of the Qurโan!
Secondly, Waraqa was a pious and wise man, who dedicated much of his life in the search of God. However, he stated in Sahih Bukhari Volume 4, Book 55, Number 605:
โNarrated โAisha(may Allah be pleased with her= radhiyallahu anha):
The Prophet returned to Khadija (sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) while his heart was beating rapidly. She took him to Waraqa bin Naufal who was a Christian convert and used to read the Gospels in Arabic Waraqa asked (the Prophet), โWhat do you see?โ When he told him, Waraqa said, โThat is the same angel whom Allah sent to the Prophet) Moses. Should I live till you receive the Divine Message, I will support you strongly.โ (Sahih Bukhari Volume 4, Book 55, Number 605)
Thus he was intending to support Prophet Muhammed (sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) and accepted his prophethood. If he (Waraqa) had been the source of the Qurโan then he would have exposed the prophet Muhammed and refused to follow him! It must be remembered that Waraqa was a god-fearing and noble person.
๐๐ก๐๐ง ๐ฐ๐๐ฌ ๐๐ข๐๐ฅ๐ ๐ญ๐ซ๐๐ง๐ฌ๐ฅ๐๐ญ๐๐ ๐ข๐ง๐ญ๐จ ๐๐ซ๐๐๐ข๐ ๐๐๐๐จ๐ซ๐๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ง๐ฌ?
According to all scholarly sources, Bible was not translated into Arabic during Prophetโs time. The Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics admits this:
there is no evidence of any parts of the Bible having been translated into Arabic before Islam. (Hastings, James. The Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics. Vol. X, p. 540)
Hastings Dictionary of the Bible attributes the first Arabic translation of the Bible to the tenth century (Source: Hastings, James. Dictionary of the Bible. p. 105). However, Encyclopedia Judaica attributes the first Arabic translation of the Old Testament either to Hunayn Ibn Ishaq (800-873CE) or to Saadiah bin Joseph Gaon (882-942CE) (Source: Encyclopedia Judaica, vol. 4, p. 863)
Paul Wegner explains that the Christian and Jewish traditions that were circulating in Arabia were oral traditions. But the Christian and Jewish groups in Arabia were not orthodox at all, and there were numerous heretical groups:
The Scriptures do not seem to have been extant in an Arabic version before the time of Muhammad (570-632), who knew the Gospel story only in oral form, and mainly from Syriac sources. These Syriac sources were marked by Docetism (believed that Jesus had only a divine nature and only appeared to be incarnate โ they thought the material world and thus oneโs body was inherently evil)โฆ (Wegner, Paul D. The Journey from Texts to Translations. 1999. Grand Rapids: Baker Books. p. 250)
๐๐๐๐จ๐ซ๐๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐๐ฐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ ๐๐ง๐๐ฒ๐๐ฅ๐จ๐ฉ๐๐๐ข๐:
Neither Arabian Jews nor Arabian Christians, unfortunately, were to be classed among the better representatives of their faiths at the time. The former had lived in comparative isolation possibly since the middle of the 1st millennium B.C., although they had been mildly successful in proselytism and the latter were mainly heretical Monophysites, remote in every sense from the centers of Christian learning. (New Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol 9, p.1001)
There are hadiths stating Waraqah Ibn Nawful translated and read New Testament in Arabic. Sahih Bukhari Volume 6, Book 60, Number 478 states:
โโฆWaraqa had been converted to Christianity in the Pre-Islamic Period and used to write Arabic and write of the Gospel in Arabic as much as Allah wished him to write. He was an old man and had lost his eyesight. โฆโ (Sahih Bukhari Volume 6, Book 60, Number 478)
There is no hadith stating that Waraqah Ibn Nawfal translated the whole bible into Arabic, including Old Testament and New Testament, which was official and available to the public. As the hadith states Waraqah translated the Gospel as much as Allah willed him to write. He also became blind, which naturally would have prevented him from translating further.
Furthermore, history dictates that his translation was for personal usage and not an official translation of the Bible accessible to the Public, therefore Prophet Muhammad (sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) getting a copy of his translation and reading it is very unlikely. He only translated fragments of the Bible, which was for his personal study. Therefore, the hadiths and history do not contradict this issue.
๐๐ก๐ ๐๐ฅ๐ฅ๐๐ ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐๐ญ ๐๐ฎ๐ซโ๐๐ง ๐ฐ๐๐ฌ ๐ญ๐๐ฎ๐ ๐ก๐ญ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐๐ญ ๐๐ฎ๐ก๐๐ฆ๐ฆ๐๐ ๐๐ฒ ๐ ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐๐ง ๐๐ฅ๐๐๐ค๐ฌ๐ฆ๐ข๐ญ๐ก
Some pagans accused Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him=sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) of learning the Qurโan from the Roman blacksmith, who lived in the outskirts of Makkah and was a Christian. Prophet used to go and watch him do his work often. However, Allah Subhanahu Wa Taโala Himself refuted this claim by the use of logic:
[016:103] We know indeed that they say, โIt is a man that teaches him.โ The tongue of him they wickedly point to is notably foreign, while this is Arabic, pure and clear. (Yusuf Ali Translation, Qurโan 16:103)
That would be like stating that a Chinese immigrant, who didnโt know English well, authored Shakespereโs work; which is obviously illogical. In the same manner, how could a blacksmith who didnโt know Arabic well have authored the Qurโan, the linguistics of which exceed excellence?? Indeed, he would not have managed to even convey and explain his basic beliefs to the Prophet!
The accusation that โHanifโ taught Prophet Muhammad the Qurโan
Hanif was the group of people at Makkah who tried to follow the religion of Abraham (Qurโanic Ibraheem alayhissalaam), and therefore believed in monotheism. Before the revelation of the Qurโan, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him=sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) himself was a Hanif.
However, the Hanifs were not learned about Christianity and Judaism. Indeed as it is demonstrated from Sahih Hadith Volume 5, Book 58, Number 169, many of the Hanif knew no background knowledge of Judaism and Christianity, and their religion seems to contradict to Hanifs beliefs. Therefore, even the Hanifs were not aware of Judeo-Christian beliefs, so there is no possibility or proof of them teaching Prophet Muhammad (sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) about Judeo-Christian beliefs.
Allegation that Priest and Rabbi taught Prophet Muhammad the Qurโan
The discussions between priest and Rabbi and Prophet Muhammad (sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) took place in Madinah, however much of the Qurโan, especially the stories of Prophets Such as Jesus (Surah Maryam), Joseph (Surah 12), and others were revealed in Makkah.
That theory would only be worth considering if the stories of the Prophet and other Bible-related stories were ONLY revealed in Madinah. But the Bible-related stories were revealed in Makkah, where Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him=sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) did not participate in debates with priests and rabbis.
๐๐๐ซ๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐จ๐๐๐๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐๐ฅ ๐ญ๐ซ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐ฒ๐ซ๐ข๐ ๐ ๐ฌ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐ ๐จ๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐๐ญโ๐ฌ ๐ค๐ง๐จ๐ฐ๐ฅ๐๐๐ ๐?
There is 2 recorded travel of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him=sallallaalahu alayhi wasallam) to Syria. One when he was 12 years old and the second when he was around the age of 25.
On his journey to Syria when he was 12, he met a monk by the name of Bahira. An immediate question arises, how can a child of 12 learn the theology of different religions in such detail at a brief visit, whilst constantly accompanied by his Uncle and other traders, and yet manages to remember all this information until the age of 40??
This is a logical fallacy! Naturally, a child at such an age cannot have enough intelligence to comprehend complex theology (in detail), and yet remember for more than 28 years.
Furthermore, Seerah (Biography of Prophet Muhammad) tells us that Prophet Muhammad was accompanied by his Uncle and many other traders, naturally, they would not forsake a child in a totally different country; they would accompany him to every possible corner! This would minimize the time he has for learning complex theology.
Bahira himself believed in the prophethood of Prophet Muhammad (sallallaahu alayhi wasallam). Indeed, the invitation to the entertainment itself was in honor of Prophet Muhammad (sallallaahu alayhi wasallam). His belief in the prophethood of Muhammad (peace be upon him=sallallaahu alayhi wasallam is described in many seerah texts, this visit is recorded as follows:
Bahira said that he had seen the stones and the trees prostrating to Muhammad as Muhammad had been walking by. They only do this for a prophet of Allah. He looked at Muhammadโs back and noticed the seal of the prophet, which was an oval shape protruding just below Muhammadโs shoulder blades. He said that this was one of the signs of a great prophet to come that was taught to them in their books.
๐๐ก๐ ๐ฌ๐๐๐จ๐ง๐ ๐ฃ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ง๐๐ฒ ๐ฐ๐๐ฌ ๐๐จ๐ซ ๐ญ๐ซ๐๐๐, ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ฒ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ง๐๐ซ๐ซ๐๐ญ๐๐ ๐ก๐๐ซ๐:
Khadija soon sent word to Muhammad asking him if he would take a trade caravan to Syria. She would pay him a high fee, which was double that of which she had paid any other person. She also gave Muhammad the services of a young lad by the name of Maysarah who would look after him on the journey. When Muhammad reached Basra, he was shading under a tree when a Monk saw him by the name of Nestor.
Nestor asked Maysarah about the person sitting under the tree; Maysarah replied that it was Muhammad. Nestor said, that person is no other than a messenger of Allah. Maysarah soon realised that he was in the company of a very special person. He said that he noticed that the heat was extreme when he saw a clear vision of two angels shading Muhammad from the heat of the day.
Main point to notice is that Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him=sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) was again followed closely by Maysarah, therefore he would have realised if Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him=sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) had been learning about Bible. And once again the monk Nestor believed in the prophethood of Prophet Muhammed (peace be upon him=sallallaahu alayhi wasallam). Muhammad Mohar Ali writes in his book on this topic:
Had Muhammad contacted during his trade journeys to Syria any Christian monk or layman for obtaining information or even for casual discussion, the Quraysh opponents, many of whom had accompanied him to Syria, would not have failed to make the most of it in their attack against him.
That no such allegation was made by them is decisive proof that he had not sought information about Christianity or Judaism from anyone in the course of his journey to Syria. (Sirat Al-Nabi And the Orientalists Vol. I A by Muhammed Mohar Ali, Page 266)
๐๐ข๐ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐๐ญ ๐๐ฎ๐ก๐๐ฆ๐ฆ๐๐ ๐ก๐๐๐ซ ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐๐๐๐ก ๐๐ก๐ซ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐๐ง๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ค๐๐ณ ๐๐๐ข๐ซ??
In his book Sirat Al-Nabi And the Orientalists Vol. I A, Muhammad Mohar Ali writes regarding this:
It is stated that the Prophet heard Quss preach at the Ukaz fair. This tradition is unanimously classified as spurious and is rejected as such. Especially, one of its narrators, Muhammed ibn al-hallaj al-Lakhmi, is condemned as a confirmed liar (kadhdhab). And even according to this spurious report, the Prophet was only one of the audience and did not make any inquiries as such with the speaker.
The orientalistsโ use of this report without any indication of its weakness and untrustworthiness is indicative of how such materials are uncritically accepted and cited to support a particular assumption. (Sirat Al-Nabi And the Orientalists Vol. I A by Muhammed Mohar Ali, pages 266-267)
๐๐ข๐ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐๐ญ ๐๐ฎ๐ก๐๐ฆ๐ฆ๐๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ซ ๐๐ฎ๐ซโ๐๐ง ๐๐จ๐ซ ๐๐จ๐ซ๐ฅ๐๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐๐๐ข๐ง๐ฌ?
It is very evident from Seerah (biography of Prophetโs life) that Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him=sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) could not have authored Qurโan for worldly gains.
After unsuccessful attempts of the Quraysh (tribe of Makkah) they could do little to prevent Islam from spreading. Therefore they tried to bribe Prophet Muhammad into leaving Islam. Utbah Ibn Rabiah was sent for this task. This story is narrated in a Seerah called โMuhammed The Last Prophetโ, by Sayyed Abdul hasan โAli Nadwi (rahimahullah), page 43:
โNephew,โ he [Utbah] said, โyou know your standing among us, but you have brought a matter of grave concern to your people. You have divided their community, made fun of their customs, criticised their gods and their religion, and declared some of their ancestors to be unbelievers. Now, listen to me. I will make some proposals for you to examine and perhaps you will accept some of them.โ
The Messenger of Allah said, โSpeak, Abul-Walid. I am listening.โ โNephew, โUtbah continued, โif you want money from this business, we will collect some of our property and make you the wealthiest among us. If you want honour, we will make you our chief so that every decision is yours. If you want a kingdom, we will make you our king.
If you are possessed by a ghost of a jinn that you cannot drive away from yourself, we will find skilful doctors to help you. We will spend our wealth on it till you are cured.โWhen Utbah had finished, the Messenger of Allah asked, โHave you finished, Abul-Walid?โ
โYes.โ
โThen listen to me.โโI will,โ said Utbah. Then the Messenger of Allah recited some verses from Surah Fussilat. Utbah listened intently, putting his hands behind his back and leaning on them. When the Messenger of Allah reached the place mentioning prostration, he prostrated and then said, โYou have heard what you have heard, Abul-Walid. It is now up to you.โ (โMuhammed The Last Prophetโ, by Sayyed Abdul hasan โAli Nadwi, page 43)
If Prophet Muhammed had been after money, women, kingdom or any other worldly desire then now would have been a perfect chance! But Prophet Muhammed chose Islam above all.
Furthermore, history dictates that Prophetโs financial status worsened after the Prophethood mission. โMuhammed The Last Prophetโ, by Sayyed Abdul hasan โAli Nadwi, page 185 narrates:
โAโishah has related, โWhen the Messenger of Allah left this world, there was nothing in the house that a creature could eat except a little barley on a shelf. (โMuhammed The Last Prophetโ, by Sayyed Abdul hasan โAli Nadwi, page 185)
Even a person considered poor by todayโs standards would have had more luxuries than that. If Prophetโs intentions were to gain wealth then surely he would have had a large amount of wealth and luxuries by the time of his death.
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