The Clarification of In the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Very- Merciful.
(I begin) with the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Very- Merciful.
Bismillah is a verse of the Holy Qurâan There is consensus of all the Muslims on the fact that Bismillah al-Rahman al-Raheem is a verse of the Holy Qurâan, being a part of the Surah al-Naml (The Ant); and there is also an agreement on that this verse is written at the head of every Surah except the Surah al-Taubah.
But there is a difference of opinion among the Mujtahids (the authentic scholars who are entitled to express an opinion in such matters) as to whether this verse is an integral part of the Surah al-Fatihah or of all the Surahs or not.
According to the great Imam Abu Hanifah (rahimahullah), it is not an integral part of any Surah except al-Naml, rather it is in itself an independent verse of the Holy Qurâan which has been revealed for being placed at the beginning of every Surah in order to separate and distinguish one Surah from another.
The merits of Bismillah=In the Name of Allah
It was a custom in the Age of Ignorance (Jahiliyyah) before the advent of Islam that people began everything they did with the names of their idols or gods. It was to eradicate this practice that the first verse of the Holy Qurâan which the Archangel Jibrâil brought down to the Holy Prophet ( peace be upon him ) commanded him to begin the Qurâan with the name of Allah (Exalted He): âread with the name of your Lord.â
The famous commentator al-Suyuti (rahimahullah) says that beside the Holy Qurâan all the other divine books too begin with Bismillah. Certain other scholars are of the opinion that Bismillah Al-Rahman Al-Rahim is peculiar to the Qurâan and to the followers of Muhammad ( peace be upon him ).
The two views can be brought into agreement with each other if we say that all the divine books share the common trait of beginning with the name of Allah, but the words Bismillah Al-Rahman Al-Rahim are , peculiar to the Holy Qurâan, as is evident from certain Traditions (Ahadith) which report that in order to
begin with the name of Allah anything he undertook, the Holy Prophet ( peace be upon him ) used to say the words (Bismiki Allahumma), but when the verse Bismillah Al-Rahman Al-Rahim was revealed, he adopted these words.
Since then this practice was established through the verbal command of the Holy Prophet (sallallaahu alaihi wasallam) or through his act or tacit approval. (see Qurtubi and Ruh al-maani) The Holy Qurâan again and again instructs us to begin what we do with the name of Allah.
The Holy Prophet (sallallaahu alaihi wasallam) has said that no important work receives the blessings of Allah, unless it is begun with His name. According to yet another hadith (Tradition), closing the door of oneâs house, putting out the lamp, covering a vessel, should all be done with the recitation of Bismillah.
The Holy Qurâan and the ahadith (Traditions) repeatedly instruct us to recite this verse while taking food, drinking water, performing the wudu (ablution), getting on a carriage or getting down from it. (Qurtubi).
By instructing man to begin everything with the name of Allah, Islam has given to the whole of his life an orientation towards Allah so that he may, with each step he takes, renew his allegiance to the covenant with Allah that nothing he does, not even his very being can come into existence without the will and the help
of Allah. Thus, all the economic and worldly activities of man, each movement and gesture becomes transformed into an act of worship. How brief is the action, which consumes neither time nor energy, and yet how immense is the gain â
it is a regular alchemy, transmuting the profane (dunya) into the sacred (din); a disbeliever eats and drinks just as a Muslim does but in saying âBismillahâ as he begins to eat, the Muslim affirms that it was not in his power to obtain this little morsel of food which has passed through innumerable stages from the sowing
of the seed to the reaping of the grain corn. and which has during this process required the labours of the wind, the rain, the sun, of the heavens and of the earth, and of a thousand men â and that it is Allah alone who has granted him this morsel of food or this draught of water by making it go through all these stages.
A disbeliever goes to sleep, wakes up and goes about as much as a Muslim. But while going to sleep or waking up, the Muslim mentions the name of Allah, renewing his relationship with Him. Thus his economic and worldly needs and activities acquire the nature of the remembrance of Allah, and are counted as acts of worship.
Similarly, in saying âBismillahâ while getting on to a carriage, the Muslim testifies to the fact that it is beyond the power of man to produce this carriage and to procure it for him, and that it is only the infallible and divinely-created order of things that has brought together from all the corners of the world the wood,
the steel and other metals which have gone into the making of the carriage, as well as the mechanics who have given a particular shape to these components, and the driver â and finally put all these into the service of man who can make use of the labour of this army of the creatures of man who can God by spending a few coins.
And even these coins have not been created by him, it is Allah himself who has provided the complex ways and means of earning them. Veritably, âBismillahâ is the legendary philosopherâs stone which transmutes, not copper, but mere dust into the purest of gold.
âSo then, praised be Allah for the religion of Islam and its teachings.â
Ruling
âBefore beginning to recite the Qurâan, it is sunnah to first say Audhubillah himinash Shaitaan Nirrajeem I seek refuge with Allah from Satan â the accursed) , and then Bismillah Hirrahmaan Nirraheem (I begin with the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Very-Merciful). And during the tilawah (the recitation of the Holy Qurâan) as well, saying âBismillah. .. at the beginning of each Surah, except the Surah Al-Baraâah (al-Taubah), is Sunnah.
Commentary
âBismillahâ: This phrase is composed of three words â the letter âBaâ, âIsmâ and âAllahâ. The preposition âBaâ has several connotations in Arabic, three of which are appropriate to the occasion.Â
All the three are applicable here:Â
(1) Contiguity, or the close proximity between one thing and the other;
(2) Seeking the aid of someone or something;
(3) To seek the blessings of someone.
The word âIsmâ has many lexical and intellectual nuances of meaning, the knowledge of which would not be essential for the average reader. It is sufficient to know that this word is translated in English as âNameâ. The word, âAllahâ is the greatest and the most comprehensive of the divine names.
According to some scholars, it is the âGreat Nameâ, or âAl-Ism al-Azamâ. (According to the Tradition (hadith), the Great Name carries with it such a benediction that a prayer is granted when this word has been uttered. Reports differ as to what this Great Name is). The word âAllahâ refers to the Essence, and hence this name cannot be given to anyone except Allah.
That is why this word has neither a plural nor a dual, for Allah is One and has no associate. In short, Allah is the name of that Ultimate Reality which comprehends in Itself all the attributes of perfection, which is the creator and sustainer, unique and peerless.
Thus, the phrase  Bismillahâ has these three respective significations according to the three connotations of the preposition âBaâ:
(a) With the name of Allah
(b) With the help of the name of Allah
(c) With the barakah or benediction of the name of Allah.
But, in all the three forms, the phrase obviously remains incomplete unless one mentions the work which one intends to begin with the name of Allah or with its help or benediction. So, according to the rules of grammar, some verb is taken to be understood here which should be suitable for the occasion â e.g.,
âI begin or recite with the name of Allah.â Propriety demands that even this verb should be understood to occur after the phrase, so that one does actually begin with the name of Allah and the verb does not precede His name.
The preposition âBaâ has, however, to be placed before the name of Allah, for it is an exigency of the Arabic language. But even in this respect the âUthmani manuscript of the Holy Qurâan prepared by the third Caliph âUthman (radhiyallahu anhu) has made the necessary modification in accordance with the consensus of the Companions of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) .
The regular Arabic script requires the letter âBaâ here to Ba be joined with the letter âAlif , But the âUthmani manuscript has dropped the âAlif, and joined the letter âBaâ with the letter âsinâ, making the âBaâ look like a part of the word âIsmâ, so that the beginning is made, in effect, with the name of Allah.
That is why the letter âAlif is not dropped in other combinations between the preposition âBaâ and the noun âIsmâ -for example, in the verse Iqraâ bismi Rabbik, the âAlif is written along with the âBaâ. It is the peculiarity of âBismillahâ alone that the letter âBaâ has been joined with the letter âSinâ.
Rahman and Rahim â these two are the attributes of Allah Almighty. âRahmanâ one whose mercy is common to all, and extends to the whole universe, to everything that will be created in the future. On the other hand, âRahimâ signifies one whose mercy is perfect in all possible ways. That is why âRahmanâ is the exclusive attribute of Allah and the word is employed only when one is referring to Him.
It is not permissible to qualify any created being as âRahmanâ, for there cannot possibly be anyone else, beside Allah, whose Mercy should be all-Embracing and all-inclusive. Just like the word âAllahâ, there is no dual or plural for the word âRahmanâ too, because these words are in their signification exclusive to the One and Absolute Being which does not permit the existence of a second or a third. (Tafsir al-Qurtubi)
The signification of the word  âRahimâ, on the contrary, does not contain anything which it should be impossible to find in a created being, for a man may be perfectly merciful in his dealings with another man.Â
So, the word âRahimâ  may justifiably be employed in the case of a human being â as the Qurâan itself has used the word in speaking of the Holy Prophet which is: (He is gentle and very merciful towards the Muslims).
Ruling:
This would easily show that those who shorten names such as âAbd al-Rahman or Fadl al-Rahman into just âRahmanâ are doing what is not permissible and are thus committing a sin. Out of the âBeautiful Namesâ (Al-Asmaâ al-Husna) of Allah Almighty and His attributes of perfection, only two have been mentioned in this verse â namely, âal-Rahmanâ and âal-Rahimâ -, and both have been derived from the root âRahmahâ (mercy), indicating the all-pervasiveness and perfection of Divine Mercy.
It points to the fact that the creation of the heavens and the earth and the sustenance of the whole universe has no other motivation than making manifest Allahâs quality of Mercy.
He Himself had no need of these things, nor could anyone compel Him to create them. It is His own mercy which has required the creation and sustenance of the whole universal order.
How aptly this was put in Persian by poet Rumi:
There was nothing â neither our being nor our claim to be;
It was Thy mercy that heard our unsaid.
Injunctions and related considerations
The Holy Qurâan says: âWhen you recite the Qurâan, seek the protection of Allah against Satan, the rejected oneâ. According to the consensus of Ummah , it is a Sunnah to say taâawwudh: âAâudhu-billah-himin-Ash-Shaitaan-Nirrajeemâ before the recitation of the Holy Qurâan whether in Salah or out of Salah (Sharah al-munyah).
Saying taâawwudh is peculiar to the recitation of the Holy Qurâan. Therefore, with the exception of tilawah, all other chores should be taken up by first saying âBismillahâ only. Saying taâawwudh is not a sunnah there. (Alamgiri, Chapter 4 Al-Karahiyah).
One should begin the recitation of the Qurâan by reciting both âAâudhubillah (I seek the protection of Allah) and  Bismillah (I begin with the name of Allah). During the recitation, one should repeat âBismillahâ, but not  âAâudhubillahâ, when one comes to the end of a Surah (or Chapter) and begins the next Surah â with the sole exception of the Surah âAl-Baraâahâ .
If one comes upon this particular Surah in the course of the recitation, one should not say âBismillahâ before reading it. But if one happens to begin the recitation of the Holy Qurâan with this Surah, one should recite  âAâudhubillahâ and  âBismillahâ both  (Alamgiri from Al-Muhit).
âBismillah al-Rahman al-Rahimâ is a verse of the Holy Qurâan and a part of the verse in Surah âal-Namlâ; it is also a regular verse when it occurs between two Surahs. It must, therefore, be treated with as much respect as the Holy Qurâan itself, and it is not permissible to touch it without having performed wudu (ablution).
In the state of major ritual impurity (e.g., after the emission of semen, or during menstruation, or after child-birth), it is not allowed to even read this verse as recitation of the Holy Qurâan before having taken a ritual bath. One may, however, recite it as a form of prayer before beginning a work; like taking oneâs meals or drinking water under all conditions.
Rulings:
(1) It is a Sunnah to recite Bismillahâ after âAâudhubillahâ at the very beginning of the first rakaâah in the salah. But views differ as to whether it should be recited in a loud or a low voice. Imam Abu Hanifah and certain other Imams (may Allah be pleased with him) prefer it to be done in a low voice.
There is a consensus on the point that âBismillahâ should be recited at the beginning of all the succeeding rakaâahs too. This is unanimously considered to be a Sunnah; however, in some narrations, the reciting of âBismillahâ at the beginning of every rakaâah has been identified as wajib or necessary.
(2) In the course of salah, whether one is reciting the Holy Qurâan loudly or silently, one should not recite âBismillahâ before beginning a Surah just after the Surah âFatihahâ. Such a practice has not been reported either from the Holy Prophet (sallallaahu alaihi wasallam) or from any of the first four Khulafaâ.
According to Sharh al-munyah, this is the view of Imam Abu Hanifah and of Imam Abu Yusuf (may Allah be please with him), and Sharh al-munyah, al-Durr al-Mukhtar, al-Burhan etc. prefer it to other views.
But Imam Muhammad considers it to be preferable that one should recite âBismillahâ if one is reciting the Holy Qurâan in a salah offered silently. Certain reports attribute this view even to Imam Abu Hanifah, and al-Shami has quoted some Muslim jurists in support of this view,â which has been adopted even in âBahishti Zewarâ of Maulana Thanavi (rahimahullah). Anyhow, there is a complete agreement among the scholars that it is not makruh or reprehensible for some one to recite âBismillahâ in this situation.
Credit: Islam Reigns
Allah knows Best