๐๐จ๐๐ฌ ๐๐จ๐๐๐ซ๐ง ๐๐๐ข๐๐ง๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ง๐๐ข๐ซ๐ฆ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐ญ๐ก๐๐ญ ๐๐๐ฒ๐ฌ ๐๐ก๐๐ซ๐ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐๐ง ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐๐จ๐ญ๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ข๐ง๐ ๐จ๐ ๐ ๐ ๐ฅ๐ฒ?
Mohamad Mostafa Nassar
Twitter@NassarMohamadMR

๐๐ฎ๐๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง:
Is modern science in agreement with the hadiths that indicate there is a cure in the wing of a fly?
๐๐ง๐ฌ๐ฐ๐๐ซ:
In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
Only in modern times was it discovered that the common fly carried parasitic pathogens for many diseases including malaria, typhoid fever, cholera, and others. It was also discovered that the fly carried parasitic bacteriophagic fungi capable of fighting the germs of all these diseases.
The Prophet Muhammad โ upon him and his House blessings and peace โ alluded to both facts 1,400 years ago when he said, as narrated from Abu Hurayra and Abu Sa`id al-Khudri by al-Bukhari and in the Sunan:
<< If a fly falls into one of your containers [of food or drink], immerse it completely (falyaghmis-hu kullahu) before removing it, for under one of its wings there is venom and under another there is its antidote. >>
A version from Abu Hurayra in Abu Dawud, Ahmad, and al-Tahawiโs Sharh Mushkil al-Athar (8:341 #3293) adds:
<< And it [al-Tahawi: โalwaysโ] protects itself (yattaqi) with the wing that carries the poison, so immerse it completely.>>Ahmad and al-Tahawi add: << Then remove it. >>
A sound-chained version in Ahmad, al-Tahawi, al-Nasaโi, and Ibn Majah (the latter two mention only the second half) states:
<< Sa`id ibn Khalid said: I went in to see Abu Salama. He brought us some butter and date pastry. A fly fell into the dish. Abu Salama began to submerge it (yamquluhu) with his finger. I said, โUncle! What are you doing?โ He said:
โTruly, Abu Sa`id al-Khudri told me that the Messenger of Allah said, โIn one of the flyโs two wings there is poison and in another, its antidote. If it falls into food, submerge it in it; for it sends the poison first and keeps the cure last.’โ>>Al-Tahawi in Sharh Mushkil al-Athar (8:339 #3289) has, << Uncle! Allah forgive you! What are you doing? >>
Al-Bazzar in his Musnad and al-Diyaโ al-Maqdisi in al-Ahadith al-Mukhtara (5:206) narrate from Thumama ibn `Abd Allah ibn Anas through trustworthy narrators according to Ibn Hajar in Fath al-Bari (10:250) and al-Qastallani in Irshad al-Sari (5:304):
<< Thumama said: We were with Anas and a fly fell into a vessel. Anas motioned with his hand and immersed it (faghamasahu) three times then said: โBismillahโ and he said that truly, thus did the Messenger of Allah order them to do. >>
Shah Wali Allah al-Dihlawi mentioned in Hujjat Allah al-Baligha that this hadith shows God-given knowledge of the many diseases a fly potentially carries as well as illustrates the Creatorโs wisdom in giving every venomous species some immunity or antidotal protection to its own poison ensuring its survival. Shaykh Muhyi al-Din Ibn `Arabi in one of his
Wasaya specified that the fly always keeps its โantidotal wingโ off the substance in which it finds itself mired so as to try and use it to fly away. The Ulema said that this behavior is a Divinely-inspired instinct similar to that of the bees, the ants, the hoopoe, and the earth in the Qurโan cf. al-Tahawi, Sharh Mushkil (8:343-344) and al-Khattabi, Ma`alim al-Sunan (4:459).

๐๐๐ง ๐๐๐ฃ๐๐ซ ๐ฐ๐ซ๐จ๐ญ๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐๐ง๐ญ๐๐ซ๐ฒ ๐จ๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ก๐๐๐ข๐ญ๐ก:
โI found nothing among the variants to pinpoint the wing that carries the antidote but one of the Ulema said he observed that the fly protects itself with its left wing so it can be deduced that the right one is the one with the antidoteโฆ.
Another said that the poison may be that of pride (takabbur) occurring in oneโs soul causing him to disdain to eat that food or avoid and discard it altogether, while the antidote takes place by subduing the soul and forcing it to be humble.โ
Ibn Hajar also cited al-Jawziโs remark that flies pounded with antimony (stibnite) benefit eyesight but al-`Ayni in `Umdat al-Qari (7:304) cites Ibn al-Baytar al-Maliqiโs recipe as flies pounded with egg yolk.
Dr. Ghyath Hasan al-Ahmad in his book al-Tibb al-Nabawi fi Dawโ al-`Ilm al-Hadith (โProphetic Medicine in the light of Modern Scienceโ) (1995 2:188-189) mentions that a Dr. Nabih Da`ish ran an experiment at King `Abd al-`Aziz University in Riyadh in which he created ten bacterial cultures from samples of sterilized fluid into which a fly fell without being immersed; ten more bacterial cultures from samples into which a fly fell and was immersed once; ten more from samples into which the fly was immersed twice; and ten more from samples into which the fly was immersed three times. The results showed that bacterial colonies thrived in the first set but were stunted and depleted in the second, more so in the third, and most in the fourth set.
It is established that house flies are carriers of dangerous pathogens of animals and humans. Even the Musca-phobic critics of this hadith are forced to admit that no one at the time of the Prophet, upon him peace, knew that flies carry such harmful organisms. Whence the observation that โunder one of its wings there is venomโ?
Second, from the perspective of logic, if the fly did not carry some sort of protection in the form of an antidote or immunity, it would perish from its own poisonous burden and there would be no fly left in the world.
Further, the transmission of what the fly carries in or on its body is not an automatic fact. For example, the microbe responsible for ulcers and other stomach ailments can live on houseflies, although it remains to be seen whether flies transmit the pathogen.
http://www.sciencenews.org/sn_arc97/6_7_97/ref1.htm
๐๐ก๐๐ซ๐ ๐ก๐๐ฌ ๐ฅ๐จ๐ง๐ ๐๐๐๐ง ๐๐ฏ๐ข๐๐๐ง๐๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐๐๐ญ๐๐ซ๐ข๐๐ฅ ๐ฉ๐๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ ๐๐ง-๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ซ๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ฆ๐ข๐๐ซ๐จ๐จ๐ซ๐ ๐๐ง๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ๐ฌ ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฏ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐ก๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐๐๐ฅ๐ข๐๐ฌ. ๐๐ง ๐๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐๐ฅ๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐๐จ๐ฅ. ๐๐ ๐จ๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐จ๐๐ค๐๐๐๐ฅ๐ฅ๐๐ซ ๐ ๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐งโ๐ฌ ๐๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ง๐๐ฅ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐๐ซ๐ข๐ฆ๐๐ง๐ญ๐๐ฅ ๐๐๐๐ข๐๐ข๐ง๐ (๐๐๐๐) ๐ฉ. ๐๐๐๐ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐๐ญ๐๐:
โThe flies were given some of the cultured microbes for certain diseases. After some time, the germs died and no trace was left of them while a germ-devouring substance formed in the flies โ bacteriophages. If a saline solution were to be obtained from these flies it would contain bacteriophages able to suppress four kinds of disease-inducing germs and to benefit immunity against four other kinds.โ
Cited in `Abd Allah al-Qusami, Mushkilat al-Ahadith al-Nabawiyya wa-Bayanuha (p. 42).
More recently, a Colorado State University website on entomology states, โGnotobiotic [=germ-free] insects (Greenberg et al, 1970) was used to provide evidence of the bacterial pathogen-suppressing ability of the microbiota of Musca domestica [houseflies] โฆ. most relationships between insects and their microbiota remain undefined.
Studies with gnotobiotic locusts suggest that the microbiota confers previously unexpected benefits for the insect host.โ
http://lamar.colostate.edu/~insects/systems/digestion/plenuryrd.html
So then, flies are not only pathogenic carriers but also carry microbiota that can be beneficial. The fly microbiota was described as โlongitudinal yeast cells living as parasites inside their bellies. These yeast cells, in order to perpetuate their life cycle, protrude through certain respiratory tubules of the fly.
If the fly is dipped in a liquid, the cells burst into the fluid and the content of those cells is an antidote for the pathogens which the fly carries.โ Cf. a footnote in the _Translation of the Meanings of Sahih al-Bukhari by Muhammad Muhsin Khan_ (7:372, Book 76 โMedicine,โ Chapter 58, Hadith 5782).
These fly microbiotas are bacteriophagic or โgerm-eatingโ. Bacteriophages are viruses of viruses. They attack viruses and bacteria. They can be selected and bred to kill specific organisms. The viruses infect a bacterium, replicate, and fill the bacterial cell with new copies of the virus, and then break through the bacteriumโs cell wall, causing it to burst.
The existence of similar bacteria-killing mechanisms in two bacteriophages suggests that antibiotics for human infections might be designed on the basis of these cell wall-destroying proteins.
Science 292 (June 2001) p. 2326-2329.
Bacteriophagic medicine was available in the West before the forties but was discontinued when penicillin and other โmiracle antibioticsโ came out. Bacteriophages continued to flourish in Eastern Europe as an over-the-counter medicine. The โO1-phageโ has been used for the diagnosis of all Salmonella types while the prophylaxis of Shigella dysentery was conducted with the help of phages.
Annales Immunologiae Hungaricae No. 9 (1966) in German.
โ๐๐ก๐๐ ๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐๐ซ๐๐ฉ๐ฒโ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ง๐จ๐ฐ ๐ฆ๐๐ค๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐๐๐๐๐ค ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ฌ๐ญ:
โFirst named in 1917 by researcher Felix dโHerelle at Franceโs Pasteur Institute, bacteriophages (or just phages for short) are viruses that prey upon bacteria. They have a simple structure โ a DNA-filled head attached by a shaft to spidery โlegsโ that are used to grip onto the surface of a bacterium.
Once a phage latches onto a bacterium, it injects its payload of genetic material into the bacteriumโs innards. The bacterium then begins to rapidly produce โdaughterโ copies of the phage โ until the bacterium becomes too full and ruptures, sending hundreds of new phage particles into the open world.
โDoctors used phages as a medical treatment for illnesses ranging from cholera to typhoid fevers. In some cases, a liquid containing the phage was poured into an open wound. In others, they were given orally, via aerosol, or injected. In some cases, the treatments worked well โ in others, they did not. When antibiotics came into the mainstream, phage therapy largely faded in the west.
โHowever, researchers in eastern Europe, including the former Soviet Union, continued their studies of the potential healing properties of phages. And now that strains of bacteria resistant to standard antibiotics are on the rise, the idea of phage therapy has been getting more attention in the worldwide medical community.
Several biotechnology companies have been formed in the U.S. to develop bacteriophage-based treatments โ many of them drawing on the expertise of researchers from eastern Europe.โ
http://www.sciencefriday.com/pages/2000/Jul/hour1_072100.html
Research on the medical application of bacteriophages is now considered to be in its most promising stage. A University of Pittsburgh researcher said in June 2001, โGiven the sheer number and variety of bacteriophages lurking on the planet, the viruses may represent a sizable untapped reservoir of new therapeutics.โ
Science 292 (June 2001) p. 2326-2329.
Possibilities for use of bacteriophages in disease control are discussed in the article โSmaller Fleasโฆ Ad infinitum: Therapeutic Bacteriophage Reduxโ in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [PNAS] Vol. 93 No. 8 (April 16, 1996), 3167-8.
http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/tocrender.fcgi?iid=1253
The fact that the fly carried pathogenic or germ-eating agents was known to the ancients, who noticed that wasp and scorpion stings are remedied by rubbing the sore spot with a decapitated fly as mentioned in al-Antakiโs Tadhkira (1:140), al-`Ayniโs citation of Abu Muhammad Ibn al-Baytar al-Maliqiโs (d. 646) al-Jami` li-Mufradat al-Adwiya wal-Aghdhiya in `Umdat al-Qari (7:304), and al-Sha`raniโs Mukhtasar al-Suwaydi fil-Tibb (p. 98).
Avicenna preferred the use of a live chicken slit in two and applied it to the wound cf. Ibn al-Azraq, Tas-hal al-Manafi` (1306 ed. p. 171=1315 ed. p. 147). A similar use is current even today for camel urine according to a University of Calgary website.
http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/beginnings/camels.html.
In the two world wars, the wounds of soldiers exposed to flies were observed to heal and scar faster than the wounds of unexposed soldiers. Even today, fly larvae, or maggots, are used medicinally to clean up festering wounds. They only eat dead tissue and leave healthy tissue alone.
Is the fly ritually filthy (najis)? No. The Jurists concur that the fly is pure (al-dhubab tahir) and does not defile a liquid even if its quantity is small and even if it dies in it except, according to al-Shafi`i, if one of the aspects of the liquid is affected (smell, color, taste) cf. al-Baghawi, Sharh al-Sunna (11:260-261) and al-Qastallani, Irshad al-Sari (5:304-305).
The Prophetic Sunna is an endless manual of healthy living and practical husbandry for people of all walks of life, especially the poor. The Prophet, upon him peace, at all times directed his Umma to avert waste and penury even in unsanitary conditions. Just as the hadith on camel milk and urine reveals knowledge of dietetics and natural medicine, so does the hadith of the fly reveal knowledge of preventive medicine and immunology.
In this respect, the command in these hadiths, as in many others, denotes an advisory Sunna of permissibility, not a literal obligation. โThe command [of immersing the fly] denotes counsel (al-amru lil-irshad) so as to counter disease with a cure.โ Al-Qastallani, Irshad al-Sari (5:304).
Despite the abundance of supporting evidence for the authenticity of these medicinal narrations (camel and fly) on the one hand and for their scientific viability on the other, certain voices continue to reject them on both counts.
Principle skepticism of authentically transmitted narrations that pertain to facts demonstrated by ancient and modern science, or whose scientific worth is just now coming into view, is the won’t of stagnant minds and diseased hearts for which there is no cure save the mercy of our Lord.
Allah knows Best.
Prophet Muhammedโs Hadith of the Fly is confirmed by science.
๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐ง๐ข๐ ๐ฌ๐๐ข๐๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐๐ข๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐ก๐๐๐ฅ๐ญ๐ก ๐ฆ๐ข๐ซ๐๐๐ฅ๐๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐๐ซ๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐ , ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐๐ฌ, ๐๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ซ๐จ๐ฅ๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐๐จ๐ง๐๐ซ๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐๐ญ๐ก๐๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ
Reference:
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Antibiotic.html
http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s689400.htm
Almighty Allah is the highest and most knowledgeable, and the attribution of knowledge to him is the safest.
Right from Almighty Allah and wrong from me and Satan
Prepared by Mohamad Mostafa Nassar-
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