Author: Mohamad Mostafa Nassar

๐ˆ๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ง๐š๐ฆ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐€๐ฅ๐ฅ๐š๐ก, ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Œ๐จ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐†๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ, ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Œ๐จ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐Œ๐ž๐ซ๐œ๐ข๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ฅ. ๐Œ๐š๐ฒ ๐ฉ๐ž๐š๐œ๐ž ๐š๐ง๐ ๐›๐ฅ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ฌ ๐›๐ž ๐ฎ๐ฉ๐จ๐ง ๐ฒ๐จ๐ฎ ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ. ๐ˆ ๐š๐ฆ ๐Œ๐จ๐ก๐š๐ฆ๐š๐ ๐Œ๐จ๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐Ÿ๐š ๐๐š๐ฌ๐ฌ๐š๐ซ, ๐š ๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐ข ๐Œ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐š ๐ง๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž ๐€๐ซ๐š๐›๐ข๐œ ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ž๐š๐ค๐ž๐ซ, ๐๐ž๐๐ข๐œ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐จ๐ฐ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฉ๐š๐ญ๐ก ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐€๐ก๐ฅ๐ฎโ€™๐ฌ-๐’๐ฎ๐ง๐ง๐š๐ก ๐ฐ๐šโ€™๐ฅ-๐‰๐š๐ฆ๐šโ€™๐š๐ก. ๐Œ๐ฒ ๐ž๐ง๐๐ž๐š๐ฏ๐จ๐ซ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ญ๐จ ๐Ÿ๐š๐ข๐ญ๐ก๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ž๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ญ๐ž๐š๐œ๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐ž๐ญ ๐Œ๐ฎ๐ก๐š๐ฆ๐ฆ๐š๐ (๐ฉ๐ž๐š๐œ๐ž ๐›๐ž ๐ฎ๐ฉ๐จ๐ง ๐ก๐ข๐ฆ) ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฉ๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ž๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ฉ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ž๐๐ž๐œ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ซ๐ฌ ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Ÿ๐ข๐ซ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ซ๐ž๐ž ๐œ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ข๐ž๐ฌ. ๐ˆ ๐ข๐ง๐ฏ๐ข๐ญ๐ž ๐ฆ๐ฒ ๐Ÿ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ๐จ๐ฐ ๐Œ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ฃ๐จ๐ข๐ง ๐ฆ๐ž ๐ข๐ง ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฆ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ๐š๐ ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฐ๐จ๐ซ๐ฅ๐, ๐ˆ๐ง๐ฌ๐ก๐š'๐€๐ฅ๐ฅ๐š๐ก. ๐Ž๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ข๐ฆ๐š๐ซ๐ฒ ๐ ๐จ๐š๐ฅ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ญ๐จ ๐›๐ž๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฅ๐ž๐š๐๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ฌ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐œ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ข๐ง๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐Œ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐š๐ง๐ฒ๐จ๐ง๐ž ๐ข๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ, ๐œ๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐š๐ง๐ญ๐ข-๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐š๐ ๐š๐ง๐๐š ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐š๐ ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐›๐ฒ ๐€๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฌ, ๐‚๐ก๐ซ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐š๐ง ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ซ๐ข๐ž๐ฌ, ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ข๐ซ ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐ฌ ๐จ๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ˆ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐ž๐ญ, ๐ˆ๐ง๐ฌ๐ก๐š'๐€๐ฅ๐ฅ๐š๐ก. ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐ฐ๐ž๐›๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ž ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐š๐ง๐š๐ ๐ž๐ ๐›๐ฒ ๐š ๐๐ž๐๐ข๐œ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐ž๐š๐ฆ ๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ข๐ญ๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ž๐ฑ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ซ๐ž๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐Ÿ๐š๐ฅ๐ฌ๐ž๐ก๐จ๐จ๐๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐ญ๐ก๐ฌ ๐š๐›๐จ๐ฎ๐ญ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐š๐ ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง (๐ƒ๐š๐ฐ๐š๐ก). ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ฆ๐ž๐ฆ๐›๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ž ๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ž ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐€๐ซ๐š๐›๐ข๐œ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐œ๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐ข๐ž๐ฌ, ๐ฐ๐ก๐ข๐ฅ๐ž ๐จ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ซ ๐ญ๐ž๐š๐ฆ ๐ฆ๐ž๐ฆ๐›๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ ๐ก๐š๐ข๐ฅ ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐ฏ๐š๐ซ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐ง๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐จ๐ซ๐ฅ๐๐ฐ๐ข๐๐ž. ๐Ž๐ฎ๐ซ ๐Œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐’๐ญ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ: ๐€๐ฌ ๐Œ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐๐ข๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ž ๐›๐š๐œ๐ค๐ ๐ซ๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐๐ฌ ๐š๐œ๐ซ๐จ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฐ๐จ๐ซ๐ฅ๐, ๐ฐ๐ž ๐Ÿ๐ข๐ซ๐ฆ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐›๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ž๐ฏ๐ž ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ซ๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ. ๐Ž๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ซ๐ฎ๐ ๐ ๐ฅ๐ž ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ง๐จ๐ญ ๐š๐ ๐š๐ข๐ง๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐–๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ ๐จ๐ซ ๐„๐š๐ฌ๐ญ, ๐›๐ฎ๐ญ ๐š ๐›๐š๐ญ๐ญ๐ฅ๐ž ๐›๐ž๐ญ๐ฐ๐ž๐ž๐ง ๐ญ๐ซ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ก ๐š๐ง๐ ๐Ÿ๐š๐ฅ๐ฌ๐ž๐ก๐จ๐จ๐. ๐–๐ž ๐Ÿ๐ข๐ซ๐ฆ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฃ๐ž๐œ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ฉ๐ญ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ฌ๐ž๐ฉ๐š๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ซ๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐ ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐Ÿ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ญ๐ž, ๐š๐ฌ ๐ข๐ญ ๐ก๐š๐ฌ ๐ง๐จ ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐š๐œ๐ž ๐ข๐ง ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ. ๐–๐ž ๐œ๐ก๐š๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐จ๐›๐ฌ๐ž๐ซ๐ฏ๐š๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ ๐š๐œ๐œ๐จ๐ซ๐๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐จ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ญ๐ž๐š๐œ๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐ž๐ญ ๐Œ๐ฎ๐ก๐š๐ฆ๐ฆ๐š๐ (๐ฉ๐ž๐š๐œ๐ž ๐›๐ž ๐ฎ๐ฉ๐จ๐ง ๐ก๐ข๐ฆ) ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ฉ๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐œ๐ž๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ฉ๐ข๐จ๐ฎ๐ฌ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ž๐๐ž๐œ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ซ๐ฌ (๐’๐š๐ฅ๐š๐Ÿ-๐€๐ฅ ๐’๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐ก), ๐ฐ๐ก๐ข๐œ๐ก ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐Ÿ๐š๐ข๐ญ๐ก. ๐–๐ž ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐š๐ฐ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ž๐ฑ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ž ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐œ๐จ๐ฅ๐จ๐ง๐ข๐š๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ, ๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฆ, ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐จ๐›๐ข๐š, ๐š๐ง๐ ๐๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐›๐ž๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž ๐ก๐จ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐š๐ ๐š๐ข๐ง๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐Œ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ, ๐š๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐š๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ž๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐ข๐ณ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ, ๐ข๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐ฌ๐ž ๐ข๐ง๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ญ๐ฌ, ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ข๐œ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ž, ๐จ๐ซ ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฌ๐ซ๐ž๐ฉ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐Ÿ๐š๐ข๐ญ๐ก. ๐–๐ž ๐š๐ซ๐ž ๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ข๐ญ๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ซ๐ž๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ž๐ฑ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฌ๐ž ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ž๐ฌ. ๐“๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ž, ๐ฐ๐ž ๐œ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ฎ๐ฉ๐จ๐ง ๐š๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐Œ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ ๐š๐œ๐š๐๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐œ๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ค๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐จ๐ซ๐ฅ๐๐ฐ๐ข๐๐ž ๐ญ๐จ ๐Ÿ๐ž๐š๐ซ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐๐ž๐Ÿ๐ž๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐ ๐ข๐ง๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฌ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐œ๐ž๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ๐จ๐ญ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐ข๐๐ž๐š๐ฅ๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ๐ข๐œ ๐ฉ๐ก๐ข๐ฅ๐จ๐ฌ๐จ๐ฉ๐ก๐ฒ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ฎ๐ ๐ก๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ซ๐จ๐ฎ๐ ๐ก ๐œ๐ซ๐จ๐ฌ๐ฌ-๐œ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐š๐ฅ ๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ง๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง, ๐ฉ๐ฎ๐›๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ , ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ฆ๐š๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐ž๐๐ข๐š. ๐–๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐ฒ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฉ๐ฉ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ, ๐ฐ๐ž ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž๐๐ ๐ž ๐ญ๐จ ๐ž๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐œ๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐๐ž๐›๐ฎ๐ง๐ค ๐Ÿ๐š๐ฅ๐ฌ๐ž ๐œ๐ฅ๐š๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ ๐š๐›๐จ๐ฎ๐ญ ๐ˆ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐š๐ฆ ๐จ๐ง๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐ž, ๐ˆ๐ง๐ฌ๐ก๐š'๐€๐ฅ๐ฅ๐š๐ก.

Qur’ฤnic Orthography: The Written Representation Of The Recited Text Of The Qur’ฤn

Posted onAuthorMohamad Mostafa Nassar

๐๐ฎ๐ซโ€™๐šฬ„๐ง๐ข๐œ ๐Ž๐ซ๐ญ๐ก๐จ๐ ๐ซ๐š๐ฉ๐ก๐ฒ: ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐–๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ญ๐ž๐ง ๐‘๐ž๐ฉ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐Ž๐Ÿ ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐‘๐ž๐œ๐ข๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐“๐ž๐ฑ๐ญ ๐Ž๐Ÿ ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐๐ฎ๐ซโ€™๐šฬ„๐ง Mohamad Mostafa NassarTwitter:@NassarMohamadMR “Quick! Help the Muslims before they differ about the text of the Qur’ฤn as the Christians and Jews differed about Read More …

The Multivalence Of The Term “Original Text” In New Testament Textual Criticism*

Posted onAuthorMohamad Mostafa Nassar

The Multivalence Of The Term “Original Text” In New Testament Textual Criticism* Mohamad Mostafa NassarTwitter:@NassarMohamadMR Introduction One hundred and ninety-one years ago, in 1808, Johann Leonhard Hug’s Introduction to the New Testament carried statements that, in part, Read More …

Concise List of Arabic Manuscripts of the Qurโ€™ฤn Attributable to the First Century Hijra

Posted onAuthorMohamad Mostafa Nassar

๐‚๐จ๐ง๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ž ๐‹๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ ๐Ž๐Ÿ ๐€๐ซ๐š๐›๐ข๐œ ๐Œ๐š๐ง๐ฎ๐ฌ๐œ๐ซ๐ข๐ฉ๐ญ๐ฌ ๐Ž๐Ÿ ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐๐ฎ๐ซโ€™๐šฬ„๐ง ๐€๐ญ๐ญ๐ซ๐ข๐›๐ฎ๐ญ๐š๐›๐ฅ๐ž ๐“๐จ ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐…๐ข๐ซ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐‚๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ฒ ๐‡๐ข๐ฃ๐ซ๐š 1. Introduction Accurately dating early Qur’anic manuscripts is a difficult task.[1] There is only one dated manuscript of the Qur’an from the Read More …

Textual Reliability / Accuracy Of The New Testament

Posted onAuthorMohamad Mostafa Nassar

๐“๐ž๐ฑ๐ญ๐ฎ๐š๐ฅ ๐‘๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐š๐›๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ / ๐€๐œ๐œ๐ฎ๐ซ๐š๐œ๐ฒ ๐Ž๐Ÿ ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐๐ž๐ฐ ๐“๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ 1. Introduction How reliable or accurate is the New Testament text? If this question is posed to the Christian apologists or evangelists, the answer obtained varies depending Read More …

Versions Of The Qur’an?

Posted onAuthorMohamad Mostafa Nassar

๐•๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐š๐ง? Mohamad Mostafa NassarTwitter:@NassarMohamadMR ๐ƒ๐ข๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐•๐„๐‘๐’๐ˆ๐Ž๐๐’ ๐Ž๐Ÿ ๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐š๐ง ๐•๐ฌ ๐ƒ๐ข๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐•๐„๐‘๐’๐ˆ๐Ž๐๐’ ๐Ž๐Ÿ ๐๐ข๐›๐ฅ๐ž ๐›๐ฒ ๐€๐ก๐ฆ๐ž๐ ๐ƒ๐ž๐ž๐๐š๐ญ Jochen Katz wrote: > } 1) How many ‘versions’ of the holy Quran is there today?>> Read More …