ee also: dImam Muhammad al-Ameen al-Shinqitee wrote in his tafsir:
قوله تعالى : إن الله لا يغفر أن يشرك به ويغفر ما دون ذلك لمن يشاء ومن يشرك بالله فقد افترى إثما عظيما [ ص: 243 ] ذكر في هذه الآية الكريمة أنه تعالى لا يغفر الإشراك به وأنه يغفر غير ذلك لمن يشاء وأن من أشرك به فقد افترى إثما عظيما . ـ
Allah’s statement:
إِنَّ اللَّـهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ أَن يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَن يَشَاءُ ۚ وَمَن يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّـهِ فَقَدِ افْتَرَىٰ إِثْمًا عَظِيمًا
Indeed, Allah does not forgive association with Him, but He forgives what is less than that for whom He wills. And he who associates others with Allah has certainly fabricated a tremendous sin. [4:48]
In this noble ayah, Allah mentioned that He does not forgive associating partners with Him but that He does forgive other than that for whom He wills, and that whoever associates partners with Him then that person has fabricated a tremendous sin.
وذكر في مواضع أخر : أن محل كونه لا يغفر الإشراك به إذا لم يتب المشرك من ذلك ، فإن تاب غفر له كقوله : إلا من تاب وآمن وعمل عملا صالحا الآية [ 25 \ 70 ] ، فإن الاستثناء راجع لقوله : والذين لا يدعون مع الله إلها آخر [ 25 \ 68 ] ، وما عطف عليه ; لأن معنى الكل جمع في قوله : ومن يفعل ذلك يلق أثاما الآية [ 25 \ 68 ] وقوله : قل للذين كفروا إن ينتهوا يغفر لهم ما قد سلف [ 8 \ 38 ] . ـ
And elsewhere He mentioned that the status of His not forgiving association of partners with Him is in the case that the mushrik does not repent of that. So if he does repent, then Allah forgives him, just as in His statement:
إِلَّا مَن تَابَ وَآمَنَ وَعَمِلَ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا فَأُولَـٰئِكَ يُبَدِّلُ اللَّـهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ حَسَنَاتٍ ۗ وَكَانَ اللَّـهُ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا
… Except for those who repent, believe and do righteous work. For them Allah will replace their evil deeds with good. And ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful. [25:70]
For the exception is referring back to His statement:
وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّـهِ إِلَـٰهًا آخَرَ
And those who do not invoke with Allah another deity… [25:68]
and what is related to that, because the meaning of all of that is combined in His statement:
وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَٰلِكَ يَلْقَ أَثَامًا
And whoever should do that will meet a penalty. [25:68]
Also, His statement:
قُل لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِن يَنتَهُوا يُغْفَرْ لَهُم مَّا قَدْ سَلَفَ
Say to those who have disbelieved [that] if they cease, what has previously occurred will be forgiven for them. [8:38]
وذكر في موضع آخر : أن من أشرك بالله قد ضل ضلالا بعيدا عن الحق ، وهو قوله في هذه السورة الكريمة أيضا : إن الله لا يغفر أن يشرك به ويغفر ما دون ذلك لمن يشاء ومن يشرك بالله فقد ضل ضلالا بعيدا [ 4 \ 116 ] ، وصرح بأن من أشرك بالله فالجنة عليه حرام ومأواه النار بقوله : إنه من يشرك بالله فقد حرم الله عليه الجنة ومأواه النار [ 5 ] ، وقوله : ونادى أصحاب النار أصحاب الجنة أن أفيضوا علينا من الماء أو مما رزقكم الله قالوا إن الله حرمهما على الكافرين [ 7 \ 50 ] . ـ
And He mentioned elsewhere that whoever associates others with Allah has certainly gone far astray, and that is His statement in this noble surah also:
إِنَّ اللَّـهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ أَن يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَن يَشَاءُ ۚ وَمَن يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّـهِ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلَالًا بَعِيدًا
Indeed, Allah does not forgive association with Him, but He forgives what is less than that for whom He wills. And he who associates others with Allah has certainly gone far astray. [4:116]
And He stated that whoever associates partners with Allah, then Jannah is forbidden for him and his resting place will be the Hell-Fire, according to His statement:
إِنَّهُ مَن يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّـهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللَّـهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَمَأْوَاهُ النَّارُ
Indeed, he who associates others with Allah – Allah has forbidden him Paradise, and his refuge is the Fire. [5:72]
And His statement:
وَنَادَىٰ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ أَصْحَابَ الْجَنَّةِ أَنْ أَفِيضُوا عَلَيْنَا مِنَ الْمَاءِ أَوْ مِمَّا رَزَقَكُمُ اللَّـهُ ۚ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّـهَ حَرَّمَهُمَا عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ
And the companions of the Fire will call to the companions of Paradise, “Pour upon us some water or from whatever Allah has provided you.” They will say, “Indeed, Allah has forbidden them both to the disbelievers.” [7:50]
وذكر في موضع آخر أن المشرك لا يرجى له خلاص ، وهو قوله : ومن يشرك بالله فكأنما خر من السماء فتخطفه الطير أو تهوي به الريح في مكان سحيق [ 22 \ 31 ] ، وصرح في موضع آخر : بأن الإشراك ظلم عظيم بقوله عن لقمان مقررا له : إن الشرك لظلم عظيم [ 31 \ 13 ] . ـ
And He mentioned elsewhere that the mushrik does not have any hope for salvation, such as His statement:
وَمَن يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّـهِ فَكَأَنَّمَا خَرَّ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَتَخْطَفُهُ الطَّيْرُ أَوْ تَهْوِي بِهِ الرِّيحُ فِي مَكَانٍ سَحِيقٍ
And he who commits shirk with Allah – it is as though he had fallen from the sky and was snatched by the birds or the wind carried him down into a remote place. [22:31]
And He stated elsewhere that associating partners with Allah is a great injustice with His statement that Luqman confirmed this:
إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ
Indeed, shirk is great injustice [31:13]
وذكر في موضع آخر أن الأمن التام والاهتداء ، إنما هما لمن لم يلبس إيمانه بشرك ، وهو قوله : الذين آمنوا ولم يلبسوا إيمانهم بظلم أولئك لهم الأمن وهم مهتدون [ 6 \ 82 ] ، وقد صح عنه – صلى الله عليه وسلم – أن معنى بظلم بشرك . ـ
And He mentioned elsewhere that complete safety and guidance are only for those who do not mix their eemaan with shirk, such as in His statement:
الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَمْ يَلْبِسُوا إِيمَانَهُم بِظُلْمٍ أُولَـٰئِكَ لَهُمُ الْأَمْنُ وَهُم مُّهْتَدُونَ
They who believe and do not mix their belief with injustice – those will have security, and they are [rightly] guided. [6:82]
And it has been authentically reported from the Prophet (ﷺ) that the meaning of injustice is shirk.
[Adwaa’ al-Bayaan 1/243-244]
See also: The Three Categories of Tawheed according to the Qur’an: Imam al-Shinqitee
See also: Questions and Answers on Tawbah from ibn Taymiyah
See also: Allah invites the disbelievers to repent: Tafsir al-Shinqitee
See also: Four Means of Attaining Allah’s Forgiveness: Imam al-Sa’di
See also: A Clarification on the Annulment of One’s Deeds: Tafsir al-Shinqitee
See also: Major Shirk and Minor Shirk: Imam al-Sa’di
See also: Three Conditions for the Acceptance of Deeds: Imam al-Shinqitee
See also: Does the term “al-Mushrikoon” include the Ahl al-Kitaab? – Imam al-Shinqitee